dunning kruger

The Dunning-Kruger effect describes a cognitive bias where individuals with lower ability overestimate their skill. A study of tournament chess players, a domain with precise performance feedback, reveals that lower-rated players systematically overestimate their ability, showing a pronounced Dunning-Kruger pattern. This research highlights the resilience of overconfidence and the mismatch between self-assessment and actual performance, with implications for decision-making in careers and markets.