property sharding

Property sharding is a technique introduced in Neo4j's Infinigraph architecture that decouples a graph's topology from its property payloads, enabling horizontal scale beyond 100 TB while maintaining ACID transactional guarantees. This approach allows a single Neo4j deployment to run both high-throughput transactional (OLTP) and deep analytical (OLAP) workloads, known as HTAP, at multi-terabyte scale. Property sharding addresses historical scalability limitations of graph databases by separating how graph structure and property data are stored and distributed. The architecture also integrates with Microsoft's Fabric and Azure ecosystem, making it relevant for enterprise IT environments using Microsoft cloud services.