tokenization

Notebookcheck’s new measurement puts a hard number on a claim that has become lazy shorthand in AI discussions: one million tokens is not one million words, and it is not a practical invitation to dump an entire personal knowledge base into every prompt. Its German test text scaled to roughly...

Understanding tokenization is the key to understanding how modern large language models turn language into something they can compute, compare, and bill. In LLMs such as ChatGPT, Claude, and GitHub Copilot, the unit of account is rarely the word or sentence; it is the token, a smaller text...

Mastercard’s push to define how AI agents buy things on our behalf marks a decisive turn: the payments network is not merely enabling “agentic commerce,” it is trying to set the rules that will govern who can act, how purchases are authorized, and which parties carry the risk when software — not...

Microsoft and Stripe this week pushed agent-led commerce from prototype to product: Copilot Checkout — a native, in-chat purchasing flow that lets U.S. users discover and buy items from retailers like Urban Outfitters, Anthropologie and independent Etsy sellers without leaving the Copilot...

2025 opened a door that had only been half‑imagined until now: the first commercial prototypes of what proponents call an “orbital cloud” — solar‑powered compute and blockchain nodes operating in low Earth orbit (LEO) — moved from thought experiment to live deployments, and with that shift the...

Mastercard’s latest push into artificial intelligence marks a clear inflection point for payments: the company has moved from embedding AI into detection systems to enabling agentic commerce—where AI agents can negotiate, authorize and execute purchases on behalf of users—backed by new developer...

Microsoft’s message to founders is simple and forward‑looking: GPT‑5 is now part of Azure’s production stack, and Azure AI Foundry packages the model family, routing, safety controls and deployment plumbing startups need to move from experiment to revenue‑grade product quickly. The announcement...

Last week’s headlines brought a stark reminder that identity is the new battlefield: a major US credit union disclosed a breach that exposed entire customer identity kits, researchers revealed Android malware weaponizing NFC to enable real-time payment fraud, UK regulators tightened the rules on...

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a host of modern applications, from AI-powered chatbots and productivity assistants to advanced content moderation engines. Beneath the convenience and intelligence lies a complex web of underlying mechanics—sometimes, vulnerabilities can surprise...

The world of artificial intelligence, and especially the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), inspires awe and enthusiasm—but also mounting concern. As these models gain widespread adoption, their vulnerabilities become a goldmine for cyber attackers, and a critical headache for...

The relentless advancement of artificial intelligence continues to transform the digital landscape, but recent events have spotlighted a persistent and evolving threat: the ability of malicious actors to bypass safety mechanisms embedded within even the most sophisticated generative AI models...

In a significant move towards integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into financial transactions, Mastercard and PayPal have recently unveiled initiatives aimed at enhancing commerce through AI-driven technologies. These developments mark a pivotal shift in how consumers and businesses...

The rapid explosion of online video content has long challenged computational systems—raw pixel data overflows processing pipelines and strains hardware resources. But what if there were a way to strip videos down into their most informative, bite-sized pieces? Enter VidTok, a groundbreaking...