I have been SUFFERING with this problem on my SurfaceBook for nearly two years now. To the point where I have often wished I never bought the thing. Typically I loose all ability to see wireless SSIDS and join them, actually loose all ability to even see the Network Adaptors just as you showed here, when I have moved from one location to another, from home office to a customer site for example. Sometimes it also happens if the machine restarts due to doing an update, a software installation, or battery low - and on restart the ability to join or rejoin any network is lost.
My only way so far to get things working has been to rudely do a hard reset of the machine, losing all the open apps and tabs in the process, and creating an impression with clients that I am some sort of bumbling incompetent fool who has to fight with his computer for a quite a while before being able to use it in a meeting etc.
This tells me how I might get the machine working in a more efficient way without losing my place, and perhaps with a script to do it quickly and easily when necessary.
I have not known whether to blame the SurfaceBook for hardware malfunction or bad design, it's particular network adapter, the drivers for that adapter, or some other flaw in Windows 10 that just happens to pick my SurfaceBook and on SurfacePro4 tablet I've also seen sometimes do this, to create havoc with.
Nice as it is to know a better way to live with the problem, does anyone know more information about what is actually causing this to happen?