If you run a home lab, enabling four specific BIOS options—CPU virtualization (VT‑x / AMD‑V), IOMMU (VT‑d / AMD‑Vi), SR‑IOV, and C‑States—will be among the most impactful firmware tweaks you can make to turn old desktops and laptops into reliable, efficient server nodes for virtualization, GPU passthrough, and energy‑aware 24/7 operation.
Background
Home labs are where hardware thrift meets software experimentation. Whether you’re hosting Proxmox, Hyper‑V, VMware ESXi, or testing Windows...