A high‑visibility outage on October 29, 2025 knocked large swaths of Microsoft Azure — including Azure Front Door (AFD), Microsoft 365 web surfaces, Xbox Live, and thousands of customer sites — offline for hours, and the failure, which Microsoft attributed to an “inadvertent configuration change” in AFD, sharpened an already intense industry debate about the systemic fragility of hyperscale cloud architectures. Background and overview
On the afternoon of October 29, 2025, Microsoft’s public...