In your unique situation where there is no router / default gateway, the best thing you can do is....
First, configure the machines so that they are positively on the same subnet (whatever private reserved address schema you choose to use). Without a default gateway you are going to have a problem messing about with the public / private (home, work, etc.,) stuff, so just ignore it and I'll assume that since there is no router involved there is no DHCP server on the network handing out IP addresses, so statically assigning them is the way to go and don't rely on APIPA for addressing.
Now, just stop relying on the computer browsing service to see things and configure your shares on the client machines to use the IP address of the host machine instead, something like
Link Removed
Map a network drive to that on your client machines and configure the Access Frontend .mdb to point to the mapped network drive.
You say that the Vista machine "sees but fails to connect to the relevant shared folder".
Are you getting an error? Are you being prompted for a password?
If it's a password thing, then make sure you use the
MachineName\UserName
Password
Format when connecting from the Vista to the 7 machine
If it's an error other than that try mapping the network drive as I indicated above it is likely just a NetBIOS issue / Computer Browser Service issue.