Depends to start with on the nature of the error. "Soft" errors in which there is some corruption of the data stored are transient and will go away when that part of the disk is rewritten. "Hard" errors occur when there is some physical damage to the disk which makes a sector or group of sectors unusable. This sort of error is permanent and cannot be "Repaired". The sectors concerned are flagged as unusable and alternative sectors are used. Hard errors may be just a one off problem, due to wear and tear or physical damage but they may also be a warning of more long term problems and ultimate failure so it's worth running a regular check on disks which report a problem. Also worth stepping up your backup activity!