All things being equal, generally speaking Windows 7 is a pretty simple OS to network. You may want to double check the following;
enable NetBIOS over TCP/IP in the properties of IPv4, under the WINS tab, within the properties of your network interface card.
type
services.msc
into the search box and hit enter
confirm that the following services are started, consider setting the startup type to automatic
Computer Browser
Function Discovery Provider Host
Function Discovery Resource Publication
Network Connections
Network List Service
Network Location Awareness
Network Store Interface Service
Server
SSDP Discovery
TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper
Workstation
If everything check out OK then it's likely the fault of a third party piece of software that needs tweaking of the configuration to supported other trusted nodes on the same network.
Virtually all top tier Software firewall products as well as AntiVirus security suites add components (network filters) which can stop common networking sharing out of the box. I always recommend removing any such products, get your network up and running and add them back. However, many will not completely uninstall without using their respective, vendor specific removal tools, a partial list of which can be found here Link Removed if yours is not listed try Google and see if one is available. An alternative which is both network and Blue Screen friendly is Link Removed due to 404 Error.