I can't see any type of solutions, but many complaints about the Sound Recorder.
It appears the Sound Recorder volume is very low on that green line. You should be able to see it move, but possibly not much.
It might also depend on how sensitive your microphone is. If the input volume is loud enough, it should show something. If, after saving the recording and playing back using Media Player, there is still no sound then I do not know why.
Also it appears you need to start the sound recorder after you plug in the microphone, or at least try restarting it if no volume level is evident.
But I have no good answers for you.