Windows Protected Print Mode in Windows 11 24H2: Enhancing Printer Security and Compatibility

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, Microsoft's introduction of Windows Protected Print (WPP) mode in Windows 11 version 24H2 marks a significant stride toward fortifying the printing infrastructure. This feature aims to mitigate vulnerabilities associated with traditional printer drivers by leveraging the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) and standardized IPPClass drivers. However, while WPP offers enhanced security, its implementation necessitates careful consideration due to potential compatibility issues and operational disruptions.

Understanding Windows Protected Print Mode​

Windows Protected Print mode is designed to replace manufacturer-specific printer drivers with a universal, secure alternative. By utilizing IPP and IPPClass drivers, WPP eliminates the need for third-party drivers, which have historically been a vector for security breaches. Notably, Microsoft reports that approximately 9% of Windows security issues are linked to the printing system, underscoring the critical need for such an initiative. (techcommunity.microsoft.com)
The impetus for WPP's development can be traced back to vulnerabilities like the "PrintNightmare" incident in 2021. This flaw in the print spooler service allowed attackers to gain system-level privileges, leading to unauthorized installations and system modifications. Addressing such vulnerabilities required extensive patching over several months, highlighting the pressing need for a more secure printing framework. (en.wikipedia.org)

Activating Windows Protected Print Mode​

By default, WPP is disabled in Windows 11 24H2 to prevent unintended disruptions. Users can enable it through the following steps:

• Open Settings from the Start menu.
• Navigate to Bluetooth & devices > Printers & scanners.
• Scroll to Windows Protected Print Mode and click on Set up.
• Confirm the prompts to proceed with the setup.

It's crucial to verify printer compatibility before enabling WPP. Printers certified by the Mobile Printing Alliance (Mopria) are compatible with this mode. A comprehensive list of certified devices is available on the Mopria website. (windowscentral.com)

Potential Impacts and Considerations​

Enabling WPP has significant implications:

• Driver Removal: All existing third-party printer drivers are automatically uninstalled.
• Installation Restrictions: New printer drivers, ports, and print queues cannot be created.
• Irreversible Changes: Disabling WPP does not restore previously removed drivers; reinstallation is necessary.

These changes can disrupt existing printing workflows, especially in environments reliant on specific driver functionalities. For instance, features like duplex printing, color management, or advanced finishing options may become unavailable if they depend on manufacturer-specific drivers. (tgioa.com)

Manufacturer Responses and Recommendations​

Several printer manufacturers have issued advisories regarding WPP:

• FUJIFILM: Warns that enabling WPP will result in the automatic deletion of their printer drivers, rendering them unusable. (fujifilm.com)
• Sharp: Highlights that all Sharp printer drivers will be removed upon WPP activation and advises users to be aware of these limitations. (global.sharp)
• HP: Notes that enabling WPP will permanently delete all print queues using their Universal Print Drivers, necessitating reinstallation and reconfiguration. (support.hp.com)

Given these potential disruptions, many manufacturers recommend keeping WPP disabled until comprehensive testing and planning can be conducted.

Security Enhancements and Future Outlook​

Despite the challenges, WPP introduces several security improvements:

• Reduced Privileges: Common spooler tasks now operate with user-level rights, minimizing the risk of system-level exploits.
• Module Blocking: Prevents the loading of unauthorized modules, reducing the attack surface.
• Per-User XPS Rendering: Ensures that rendering processes run under user accounts, limiting potential damage from vulnerabilities.

Microsoft plans to make WPP the default print mode by 2027, phasing out third-party driver support through Windows Update. This transition underscores the company's commitment to enhancing security but also necessitates proactive adaptation by users and organizations. (techcommunity.microsoft.com)

Recommendations for Users and Organizations​

To navigate the shift to WPP effectively:

• Assess Compatibility: Review the Mopria certification of your printers to determine compatibility.
• Backup Configurations: Before enabling WPP, document and back up existing printer settings and configurations.
• Pilot Testing: Implement WPP in a controlled environment to identify potential issues before widespread deployment.
• Stay Informed: Monitor updates from Microsoft and printer manufacturers regarding WPP developments and support.

By taking these steps, users can balance the enhanced security offered by WPP with the operational needs of their printing environments.
In conclusion, Windows Protected Print mode represents a pivotal advancement in securing Windows printing systems. While it offers substantial security benefits, its activation requires careful planning to mitigate potential disruptions. Staying informed and proactive will be key to a successful transition.

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Source: PCWorld How to secure your printer with Windows 11's new Protected Print mode