Good news, I was able to fix it. I'm not sure exactly what the problem was though.
Before the problem started, I had installed Ubuntu on drive E and I stupidly replaced the boot stuff on drive C (the main one with Windows), with whatever Ubuntu uses. A couple of days later, when I noticed the problem, I uninstalled Ubuntu just in case and restored the regular Windows boot, but maybe something was still causing trouble. Windows booted and worked fine though.
Anyway, what ended up fixing the problem was a full reformat of my main drive. After reinstalling Windows the network is working great again. All I can gather is that some problem with that drive was causing it. Anyway, thanks for the help.
Afterwards though, I decided to go for...