I have been through the rest of your log and it still says pretty much the same thing. The BITS cannot download the updates which may be related to WinHTTP errors. It will try three times and then give up.
So for now, try going to the below site and download one update, whichever you want and see if you can. When you get to the site, it will ask to install an activeX control, which you can let happen.
Microsoft Update Catalog
Then Type in the KB number of the update you want to download and install and it should put it in your basket which you can download from. If you need a KB number, let me know.
Make sure you allow the computer to reboot when the updates need it, and some updates seem to need a complete shutdown...