I've changed my previous post as, upon reflection, I think you may have a registry or Adobe problem. Whether the GUI or assoc/ftype commands are used, the result is the same - an updated registry.
Have a look at the registry. Run regedit and navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes. Scroll down in the left pane for .pdf which has the ftype default in the right pane. Now scroll further down in the left pane for the ftype then in shell\open\command.
If the keys are not present, look in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Classes.
Here is a little more information that's worth digesting regarding locations and precedence:
1. Display all extensions and their associated file types by firstly copying the following 4 lines:
assoc...