Unfortunately, Windows Update still sneaks through all attempts at disabling
WU (Windows Updated) as well as
WUDO (Windows Update Delivery Optimization). This is still not well known outside of the W10 Insider Tester community *about 8 million folks*. I've done considerable work over the last 2 years on this topic, and generally speaking, many of us here have a couple of workarounds for slowing down the Updates coming into your W10 computer, but all attempts at totally keeping them out have failed as far as I can see.
Neem can give you a more detailed analysis from your uploaded Windows Update log than I can, so we'll see what he has to say on that. In the meantime, I noticed this from your uploaded CBS log:
2017-01-03 17:53:00, Info CSI 00002335 Warning - Overlap: Registry value collision found under key [l:87 ml:88]"\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\.lnk\ShellEx\{000214F9-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}\" for [l:0]"", only one component should set this value
There are 3 possibilities for this I can think of: 1.) Registry value collisions usually indicate a type of Registry Corruption in your W10 install
2.) Something in your PC is producing duplicate installs due to the failure of the first update attempt. This could be windows corruption or even a failing or failed hardware component such as RAM sticks or Hard Drive.
3.) Your Windows Update module has failed and needs to be repaired. This is indicative of an update from an earlier version of W10 such as v1511, or even v10586 going back to July 29th 2015 original release date of W10. *You should check and post back the
EXACT version currently installed on your computer*. Reason I mention this is, that it appears that you may have a failed W10 AU update failure. This means that the W10 version that came with your ASUS computer from the factory (either v1511 or v10586) was overwritten or attempted to be overwritten by this KB3185614 update or other update.
We'll wait to see what neem's recommendations are, I'd try those first. If those don't produce a good result you may have to resort to more advanced troubleshooting including comprehensive hardware testing as in my Troubleshooting Guide here:
Windows 10 - Unclickable Task Bar Posting back your W10 version will help us to determine the cause of this failure. Take a look here on where to find your W10 version:
View attachment 34318 Once you fix your problem, you may wish to search here for one of our Posts on how to prevent the Updates from coming into your computer and scrambling things once again. Remember, they mitigate the Updates from coming into your computer,
they don't fully block them! Here's a couple of Posts to get you started:
1.)
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3073930#bookmark-1607 2.)
Windows Update Delivery Optimization: FAQ Let us know how it goes!
Best,
<<<BIGBEARJEDI>>> 
Good Update. 
