When text does funny things in Windows, there is always a possibility that a system font has been deleted or corrupted. The SFC should find fonts that are completely deleted, but perhaps not partially removed.
Have you done anything or loaded any software that might have messed with the Win 7 system fonts?
Your attachments don't seem to be the normal font problems, since fonts can have substitutes that will work but look funny. Since text is completely missing from yours, I am no expert, but might guess you could be missing some .dll file you need to make windows work correctly.
If you cannot find the exact problem, you have the option of doing a repair install by opening the Install DVD from within Windows and doing an upgrade install. That will redo your system, but keep all the programs and settings. You may however, have to re-activate.
I always try to keep a fairly recent image backup just in case something like this happens. If you do not have one or you can not restore back to a period prior to the problem occurring, the suggestion should help.
I will assume you have run one or two virus scanners on your system.
What CommonTater was saying about your color settings is that if both the font and background are the same color then you will not be able to see the font. Follow the instruction and see if there are any settings you might change to check.