Windows 10 End of Support 2025: Migration Playbook & Security Risks

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More than half of the world’s personal computers remain on Windows 10 even as Microsoft’s official support deadline looms, creating a wide and growing security gap that affects consumers, small businesses, and enterprise networks alike. New telemetry shared publicly via cybersecurity vendor reporting shows Windows 10 is still installed on roughly 53% of monitored devices, with only about 33% on Windows 11 and a non‑trivial share — roughly 8–9% in some datasets — still running Windows 7, an OS that stopped receiving patches in 2020. Those figures come with methodological caveats, but they nevertheless underline a clear reality: millions of systems will be exposed to unpatched vulnerabilities after Microsoft ends mainstream updates on October 14, 2025. (support.microsoft.com) (it-online.co.za)

Background / Overview​

Windows 10’s end of support is a fixed calendar event: on October 14, 2025, Microsoft will stop shipping free security updates, feature updates, and standard technical assistance for Windows 10 editions. Devices will continue to boot and run, but new vulnerabilities discovered after that date will no longer receive official patches unless the device is covered by Microsoft’s Extended Security Updates (ESU) program or is moved to a supported platform. This is not theoretical — the change flips devices from “supported” to “unsupported” overnight for the purposes of vendor patches and many compliance regimes. (support.microsoft.com)
At the same time, different measurement systems present different snapshots. Kaspersky’s telemetry-based analysis (KSN) has been cited across a number of outlets showing a dominant Windows 10 installed base (about 53%) and an ongoing Windows 7 tail (≈8.5% in that sample). By contrast, web‑traffic market trackers such as StatCounter report monthly pageview-derived market shares that recently placed Windows 11 at or near parity with — and in some months ahead of — Windows 10. Differences in methodology (installed‑base telemetry vs. pageview samples vs. vendor telemetry) explain much of the mismatch. Both views are useful; neither is a perfect global census. Readers should treat each figure as a snapshot shaped by the underlying data pool. (it-online.co.za) (gs.statcounter.com)

The headline numbers: what the data actually says​

Kaspersky‑derived snapshot (telemetry sample)​

  • Windows 10: ~53% of devices in the monitored sample.
  • Windows 11: ~33% in the same sample.
  • Windows 7: ~8.5% globally in that data slice.
  • Business devices: Windows 10 share is higher — close to 60% among corporate endpoints and about 51% among small businesses in the sample.
    These figures were derived from anonymized OS metadata reported via Kaspersky Security Network, which reflects consenting users of Kaspersky products and therefore represents a large but non‑random telemetry pool. (it-online.co.za)

StatCounter / pageview snapshot (web traffic)​

  • StatCounter’s desktop Windows version chart for August 2025 showed Windows 11 around 49.02% and Windows 10 around 45.65% in global pageviews — numbers that differ materially from Kaspersky’s installed‑base telemetry because of the nature of pageview sampling. StatCounter’s data has been widely quoted in late‑summer 2025 coverage. (gs.statcounter.com)
Why the difference matters: telemetry from endpoint products (Kaspersky) measures what’s actually installed on those endpoints, while pageview trackers measure which devices are browsing the web and how often. Heavily active users, corporate proxies, or geographic sampling biases can tilt one dataset relative to the other. The core takeaway is consistent across sources: a large installed base remains on Windows 10 heading into October, and sizeable numbers of devices are on end‑of‑life systems.

Why organizations and users are staying on Windows 10​

  • Hardware and compatibility limits. Windows 11 has stricter hardware requirements (e.g., TPM 2.0 on many models), so a substantial installed fleet is simply ineligible for a direct upgrade without hardware changes or replacements.
  • Operational risk and testing. Businesses with mission‑critical software, bespoke device images, or regulatory constraints delay migrations until they can test and validate Windows 11 across their stacks.
  • Perceived user disruption. Many users — especially in SMBs — view Windows 11’s UI and workflow changes as unnecessary friction, and prefer the stability and familiarity of Windows 10. Kaspersky experts specifically name such perception as a contributor to slow uptake. (it-online.co.za)
Those are legitimate operational concerns, but they must be balanced against the real security and compliance costs of running unsupported software.

The security impact: scarier than the inconvenience​

When Microsoft stops providing security updates for Windows 10 on October 14, 2025:
  • New vulnerabilities discovered after that date will remain unpatched by Microsoft for non‑ESU devices.
  • Threat actors know and plan around vendor timelines: unsupported platforms become lucrative low‑effort targets. Past EOL cycles (e.g., Windows XP, Windows 7) show that exploits proliferate rapidly once vendor patching stops.
  • Organizations that continue to run unsupported Windows 10 machines face increased exposure to ransomware, credential theft, and supply‑chain intrusion. That risk is amplified where Windows 10 devices remain networked with supported infrastructure.
Security software (antivirus, EDR, firewalls) helps, but cannot replace vendor patches that fix fundamental OS vulnerabilities. The only durable mitigation is to move to a supported platform or enroll in an ESU program as a controlled stopgap.

Microsoft’s Extended Security Updates (ESU) options — what you need to know​

Microsoft offers a limited set of ESU options to extend security updates for Windows 10 beyond the Oct. 14, 2025 cutoff:
  • Consumer ESU (one‑year extension through October 13, 2026): enrollment options include syncing PC settings via Windows Backup (no charge), redeeming 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points, or paying a one‑time $30 fee (covers up to 10 devices per Microsoft account). Enrollment is available via Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update when eligible. Consumer ESU is explicitly a time‑limited bridge, not a long‑term security strategy. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Commercial / enterprise ESU: organizations can purchase ESU coverage per device (pricing and renewal terms differ; Microsoft documented enterprise enrollment via volume licensing and cloud partners). Enterprise ESU can be purchased in annual increments and typically becomes more expensive in subsequent years. (blogs.windows.com)
Important operational caveat: ESU enrollment for consumer and many other options requires a Microsoft account; local accounts that have historically been common on Windows 10 consumer devices may not qualify without conversion. That has provoked pushback among privacy‑conscious users. ESU also covers only critical and important security updates — it is not equivalent to ongoing feature updates or full vendor support. (support.microsoft.com)

Regional snapshots and surprising legacy tails​

Kaspersky’s analysis included regional breakdowns showing persistence of older OS versions in specific markets:
  • Middle East: roughly 31% on Windows 11, 54% on Windows 10, and nearly 8% on Windows 7 in that telemetry slice.
  • Africa: about 36% on Windows 11, 53% on Windows 10, and 4.5% on Windows 7.
These numbers illustrate how adoption can vary widely by region and by the installed hardware base; emerging markets and public‑sector deployments often contain larger shares of older hardware that cannot be easily upgraded. Note, again, that these are telemetry‑sample figures and will differ from pageview‑based trackers. (it-online.co.za)

Risks specific to businesses and regulated industries​

  • Compliance exposure. Many regulatory frameworks and cyber insurance policies require supported software and timely patching. Running unsupported Windows 10 systems may be incompatible with contractual, regulatory, or insurance obligations.
  • Operational continuity. Unsupported drivers, printer firmware, or vendor tools may stop working with newer cloud services; conversely, older peripherals may not get driver fixes for issues discovered after EOL.
  • Cost volatility. Relying on ESU for large fleets can become exponentially expensive: consumer ESU is inexpensive, but enterprise ESU costs multiply per device and can rise sharply on renewal. One analysis estimated large potential costs if many devices remain on Windows 10 into subsequent years. (blogs.windows.com)

Practical migration and mitigation playbook​

The following step‑by‑step plan is geared to IT teams and informed consumers who need to move from risk posture to action.
  • Inventory and classify devices now.
  • List device models, Windows build (must be 22H2 for ESU eligibility), TPM and CPU details, and what each machine is used for. Prioritize systems with admin access, critical data, or external connectivity.
  • Determine upgrade eligibility and options.
  • For devices meeting Windows 11 requirements: test and pilot Windows 11 upgrades on representative machines.
  • For ineligible devices: evaluate BIOS/firmware updates, CPU/TPM upgrades where feasible, or plan hardware replacement.
  • Adopt a phased migration schedule.
  • Prioritize high‑risk endpoints (internet‑facing servers, finance and HR machines) first. Use pilot groups and rollback plans.
  • Use ESU only as a controlled bridge.
  • Enroll critical consumer devices or non‑replaceable assets in ESU to buy time — but document a firm timeline to retire or upgrade those devices. ESU is not a permanent substitute. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Harden legacy endpoints immediately.
  • Apply network segmentation, limit internet access for unsupported devices, enforce least privilege, and ensure up‑to‑date EDR/antivirus and multifactor authentication.
  • Consider alternatives for irreplacable hardware.
  • Where hardware replacement isn’t possible, consider cloud‑hosted Windows 11 via Windows 365, or migrating specific workloads to Linux or thin‑client solutions.
  • Prepare user training and support.
  • Change management reduces productivity loss. Create clear guidance, short training sessions, and step‑by‑step migration documentation.
  • Monitor and revise.
  • Track progress weekly and maintain a register of all ESU‑covered devices with renewal dates and owners.
This playbook is deliberately conservative: it assumes the worst (exploitation trends post‑EOL) while offering practical, cost‑aware steps teams can execute at scale.

Alternatives: not everything is Windows‑centric​

  • Linux desktop distributions. For older hardware that can’t run Windows 11 and where Windows‑only apps are not required, modern Linux distributions can extend device life and reduce EOL exposure, though migration carries its own/user‑support costs. Community toolkits exist to simplify migration.
  • Cloud desktops / Windows 365. Devices that cannot be upgraded can run a cloud‑hosted Windows 11 session and thus retain supported software without local OS upgrades. This can be a practical option for distributed workforces.
  • Device refresh programs and trade‑ins. Many OEMs and retailers offer trade‑in or subsidized replacement programs designed to accelerate refresh cycles at lower net cost.
Each option requires weighing security, cost, and user‑experience tradeoffs; none is a universal panacea.

Costs and timing: realistic expectations​

  • Consumer ESU: one‑time $30 (or free via Windows Backup or 1,000 Rewards points) covering up to 10 devices on a Microsoft account, valid through Oct. 13, 2026. This is a budget‑friendly stopgap for small numbers of devices. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Enterprise ESU: per‑device pricing that can escalate across years; for large fleets, the total cost can be large and should be factored into procurement and lifecycle budgets. (blogs.windows.com)
  • Hardware refresh: costs vary widely by organization size; strategic refreshes staged with fiscal cycles are the most cost‑effective for enterprise fleets. Third‑party analyses estimate substantial potential costs if migration is deferred without planning, including lost productivity from rushed upgrades or breach remediation. (techradar.com)

Strengths and weaknesses of the current reporting​

Strengths:
  • Telemetry from endpoint products (like Kaspersky) provides a ground‑level view of installed OS versions across consenting users, which is valuable for understanding real device populations. (it-online.co.za)
  • Pageview trackers (StatCounter) give an independent signal of what’s actually active on the web and can highlight temporal shifts in active user behaviour. (gs.statcounter.com)
Weaknesses / caveats:
  • No single dataset is a perfect global census. Telemetry samples can overrepresent certain geographies, customer profiles, or device types; pageview trackers can overrepresent heavy web users. Always interpret market share claims in the context of methodology and sampling bias. When messaging high‑stakes decisions (procurement, compliance), use multiple data sources and, where possible, internal inventory to make final calls.

What readers should do this month​

  • If you run Windows 10 at home: verify your Windows build (22H2 recommended), decide whether to upgrade, and if you will remain on Windows 10 temporarily enroll in ESU (free options exist) and enable automatic updates. Back up data before any change. (support.microsoft.com)
  • If you manage business devices: perform a prioritized inventory, pilot Windows 11 deployment with a rollback plan, consider ESU only for devices that truly cannot be replaced, and implement network segmentation and strengthened endpoint protections immediately.

Final assessment​

Windows 10’s official cutoff is a discrete pivot point in enterprise and consumer security. The data shows significant inertia: many users and organizations have valid reasons to delay migration, but delaying indefinitely is no longer safe or defensible. The practical reality is a multi‑year, multi‑track transition: some devices will move to Windows 11 quickly, some will use ESU for a short period, and some will be repurposed or replaced. The smart path combines inventory discipline, short ESU bridges where necessary, prioritized migrations for high‑risk endpoints, and proactive hardening for the remainder. The alternatives (cloud desktops, Linux migrations, targeted hardware refresh) must be on the table for any realistic long‑term plan. (support.microsoft.com)
Act now: inventory, classify, and set firm migration deadlines tied to risk and compliance priorities. October 14, 2025, is not merely the end of a product lifecycle — it is the deadline by which organizations must move from planning to execution to avoid the very real and increasingly exploited security gap left by an unsupported OS. (support.microsoft.com)
Source: Absolute Geeks More than half of PCs still run Windows 10 as Microsoft ends support
 
Click to expand...
Windows 10’s official support clock is now counting down—and for millions of users the practical question is simple: upgrade to Windows 11 while your machine is still supported, buy new hardware, or pay for temporary coverage. Microsoft will stop providing regular security updates and technical support for Windows 10 on October 14, 2025, and the company is explicitly steering users toward Windows 11 with a free upgrade pathway for eligible devices. (support.microsoft.com)

Background: what “end of support” actually means​

When Microsoft says an operating system is at “end of support,” it’s not the same as a machine stopping work. Instead, it means the vendor will no longer provide:
  • Security updates and quality fixes for newly discovered vulnerabilities.
  • Feature and quality updates that address reliability or add capabilities.
  • Official technical support channels and troubleshooting for the OS.
That matters because without vendor-patched security updates your PC becomes a long-term risk. For business, regulated, or high-value personal workloads, running an unpatched OS quickly raises compliance and liability issues. Microsoft’s own end-of-support page confirms Windows 10’s cutoff date as October 14, 2025, and lays out options including upgrading to Windows 11 or enrolling in a one-year consumer Extended Security Updates (ESU) program that runs through October 13, 2026. (microsoft.com)
Microsoft also continues to manage product lifecycles for Office and Microsoft 365 in parallel: some Office components will be affected by Windows 10’s retirement timeline, and Microsoft has published guidance on supported configurations and overlap windows for Office / Microsoft 365 services. (support.microsoft.com)

Overview: the upgrade landscape in plain terms​

  • If your PC is eligible for the free in-place upgrade, you can move from Windows 10 to Windows 11 while keeping apps, files, and settings.
  • If your PC does not meet Windows 11’s minimum hardware requirements, you can sometimes enable missing features (like TPM or Secure Boot) in UEFI/BIOS or update firmware; when that’s impossible, hardware replacement is the supported route.
  • Microsoft provides official tools for the upgrade: Windows Update (in-place), Windows 11 Installation Assistant, and media creation / ISO files for clean installs. (microsoft.com)
  • Workarounds exist (third-party tools, modified install media) that allow Windows 11 to be installed on unsupported hardware, but they void official support and carry stability and security risks. (windowscentral.com)
  • If you need extra time, ESU enrollment is available for eligible consumer and enterprise devices for up to one additional year (consumer ESU runs through October 13, 2026). (microsoft.com)

Why now: market momentum and timing​

Windows 11 adoption accelerated in 2025 as the end-of-support deadline approached; global desktop-market trackers reported Windows 11 surpassing Windows 10 in mid‑2025 (StatCounter data showed Windows 11 becoming the most-used Windows desktop edition around July 2025). That shift is tightly correlated with Microsoft’s push to move users off Windows 10 before October 14, 2025. Independent outlets and market trackers document the crossover and the surge in upgrades. While some coverage pegs the exact month differently (June vs July) depending on the dataset and reporting cadence, the trend is clear: adoption spiked in the months leading to the retirement date. (windowscentral.com)
That context matters because it changes upgrade friction: drivers and app compatibility improve quickly as more vendors test and certify Windows 11, and Microsoft’s staged rollout will continue to prioritize compatibility for most recent PC models.

Windows 11 compatibility: what Microsoft requires (and why)​

Windows 11 enforces a higher baseline security and platform standard than Windows 10. The official minimum system requirements are:
  • CPU: 1 GHz or faster, 2+ cores, and the processor must appear on Microsoft’s approved CPU list (Intel, AMD, Qualcomm families are specifically enumerated).
  • Memory: 4 GB RAM minimum.
  • Storage: 64 GB or larger drive.
  • System firmware: UEFI with Secure Boot capability.
  • TPM: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0.
  • Graphics: DirectX 12 / WDDM 2.0 compatible GPU.
  • Display: 720p or higher. (support.microsoft.com)
Microsoft argues these requirements improve baseline reliability and security—Microsoft’s tests showed devices that meet the Windows 11 baseline experienced fewer kernel crashes in aggregate—but the policy has also excluded a meaningful slice of older hardware. Microsoft has occasionally expanded the CPU compatibility list to include specific chips (for example a handful of Intel workstation/X-series entries), but the TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot requirements remain a firm rule for supported upgrades. (blogs.windows.com)

TPM 2.0, Secure Boot and UEFI: what they do​

  • TPM 2.0 (Trusted Platform Module) is a hardware or firmware feature used for secure key storage, device attestation, and features such as BitLocker and Windows Hello. TPM 2.0 is required for many of Windows 11’s security features. (lifewire.com)
  • UEFI + Secure Boot prevents unsigned or unauthorized boot components from executing at startup, strengthening defense against some rootkit classes and boot-time tampering.
  • Many modern motherboards expose TPM as an option (fTPM on AMD, PTT or TPM on Intel). Frequently it’s disabled by default and can be enabled in BIOS/UEFI—no extra hardware is required on many modern laptops and prebuilt desktops. (lifewire.com)

How to check if your PC is eligible (step-by-step)​

  • Open Settings > Privacy & Security > Windows Update and click Check for updates. If Microsoft has determined your machine is eligible, the option to download and install Windows 11 will be shown there. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Or run Microsoft’s PC Health Check app. It reports whether your device meets Windows 11 minimums and explains any blockers—TPM, Secure Boot, CPU, or storage. If the tool reports a compatibility hold for a specific driver or app, Microsoft may delay the upgrade until that issue is resolved. (support.microsoft.com)
If the PC Health Check flags TPM or Secure Boot as missing, first check your UEFI/BIOS settings—OEMs often ship with TPM disabled. If the CPU isn’t on Microsoft’s compatibility list, your PC may be ineligible for the official supported path. Independent coverage and forums document the exact CPUs and families Microsoft accepts; consult Microsoft’s CPU compatibility lists and your OEM for definitive guidance. (support.microsoft.com)

How to upgrade to Windows 11 for free (official methods)​

If your PC is eligible, Microsoft supports multiple upgrade methods. The official, supported options are:
  • Windows Update (in-place upgrade): If eligible, your device will be offered the upgrade through Settings > Windows Update. This is the simplest route and preserves apps, settings, and files. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Windows 11 Installation Assistant: A Microsoft-provided tool that walks you through an in-place upgrade and is useful if Windows Update hasn’t offered the upgrade yet. Download and run the assistant from Microsoft’s Windows 11 download area. (microsoft.com)
  • Installation Media / ISO (Media Creation Tool): Use this for a clean install, for creating bootable USB media, or to upgrade multiple machines. Microsoft’s Create Windows 11 Installation Media tool and official ISO files let you perform either an in-place upgrade or a clean install. The Media Creation Tool will guide you through creating a USB installer or saving an ISO for later use. (microsoft.com)
Practical, recommended sequence:
  • Back up your data (cloud + local image). Use OneDrive plus an external disk or a full drive image.
  • Ensure Windows 10 is updated to the latest build (22H2 or later) and that all drivers are current. Some upgrades require the device to be at a certain Windows 10 build before offering Windows 11. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Run PC Health Check and resolve simple blockers (enable TPM, switch to UEFI/GPT, enable Secure Boot). (support.microsoft.com)
  • Use Windows Update or the Installation Assistant to upgrade, or create installation media if you prefer a clean install. Follow the tool’s prompts to choose whether to keep files and apps or perform a fresh start. (microsoft.com)

If your PC is flagged incompatible: troubleshooting and choices​

Short-term fixes that often work:
  • Enable TPM 2.0 in UEFI/BIOS (look for fTPM, PTT, or TPM settings) and enable Secure Boot, then re-run the PC Health Check. Many laptops and modern motherboards support TPM in firmware. (lifewire.com)
  • Update UEFI/BIOS/firmware. OEMs sometimes ship an older firmware that doesn’t present TPM or correct UEFI options until updated.
  • Check whether your CPU actually appears on Microsoft’s compatibility list. In some rare cases Microsoft added specific processors to the supported list after additional testing. (blogs.windows.com)
If none of the above works, your options are:
  • Buy a new Windows 11–capable PC (many OEMs now ship with Windows 11 preinstalled).
  • Upgrade major components (CPU + motherboard) on a desktop where that’s cost-effective.
  • Enroll in the consumer ESU program to receive one additional year of security updates (through Oct 13, 2026) while planning a longer-term transition. Note: ESU availability and terms differ by region and device; Microsoft’s enrollment guidance explains consumer options (redeem Microsoft Rewards points, pay a modest fee, or follow other enrollment paths). (microsoft.com)
Caution: third-party bypasses and modified install images allow Windows 11 to run on unsupported hardware, but these builds are not eligible for official support, may not receive future updates reliably, and can create long-term stability or security problems. Enterprises and security-conscious users should avoid such workarounds. (windowscentral.com)

What about Extended Security Updates (ESU)?​

Microsoft offers a consumer ESU option that provides one additional year of security updates after October 14, 2025—through October 13, 2026. Enrollment pathways include an in-OS enrollment flow that may allow redemption of Microsoft Rewards points or purchase via the Microsoft Store. Enrollment is strongly recommended if you cannot safely upgrade immediately. Enterprises have parallel ESU offerings under different licensing terms. (microsoft.com)
Important nuance: ESU is a stopgap, not a long-term strategy. It extends protection for a short, fixed window while you plan for migration. Relying on ESU beyond the stipulated period is not possible.

Migration and compatibility checklist (practical)​

  • Backup everything: local image + cloud (OneDrive or equivalent).
  • Inventory apps: list business-critical apps and check vendor compatibility with Windows 11. Contact ISVs for certified drivers and updates.
  • Update device firmware and drivers before upgrading.
  • Confirm TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot are enabled.
  • Check CPU on Microsoft’s approved list if PC Health Check fails due to CPU.
  • Choose upgrade path: Windows Update / Installation Assistant for in-place, Media Creation Tool for clean installs.
  • Keep recovery media or a second PC ready for troubleshooting.
Short checklist:
  • [ ] Backed up?
  • [ ] PC Health Check run?
  • [ ] TPM & Secure Boot enabled?
  • [ ] Firmware/drivers updated?
  • [ ] Critical apps checked?
  • [ ] ESU enrollment considered if needed?

Common problems and how to address them​

  • Start-up or driver failures after upgrade: Use Advanced Startup to roll back to the previous OS or boot into Safe Mode to uninstall problematic drivers. Keep recovery media.
  • Activation issues: Windows 11 should carry over a valid Windows 10 digital license for eligible systems. If activation fails, Microsoft support can often re-validate hardware-based licenses. (learn.microsoft.com)
  • Performance on older hardware: Minimal requirement (4GB RAM / 64GB storage) is the floor; for a comfortable experience, 8GB+ RAM and an SSD are recommended.
  • App compatibility: Some older apps may need updates or replacements. Test productivity and specialty apps before mass migration.

Risks, trade-offs and what to watch out for​

  • Stability vs security: An unsupported “hack” to get Windows 11 running may work in the short term, but it leaves you outside Microsoft’s update and support pipeline—risking unpatched vulnerabilities. (windowscentral.com)
  • Driver ecosystem: OEMs may prioritize driver updates for newer devices; older machines, even if technically upgraded, can suffer driver regressions.
  • Privacy and OEM customizations: Windows 11’s onboarding experience increasingly favors Microsoft account sign-in and cloud features; review privacy and account requirements before migrating.
  • ESU cost and timeline: ESU is temporary and not a replacement for a long-term migration plan. Take ESU only to buy time for a proper transition. (microsoft.com)
  • Data loss hazard: Upgrades usually preserve files, but a complete image-based backup is mandatory before any OS upgrade.

Quick decision guide (1–2–3 plan)​

  • If your PC is eligible and you use it for everyday tasks: back up, enable TPM/Secure Boot if necessary, and perform the in-place upgrade via Windows Update or Installation Assistant. This preserves apps and settings while restoring official security updates. (support.microsoft.com)
  • If your PC is not eligible but is otherwise fine for your use: enroll in ESU to cover the short term, and plan hardware replacement or a phased migration within 12 months. (microsoft.com)
  • If you run business-critical or regulated workloads: test Windows 11 in a staging environment, confirm vendor support for all enterprise apps, and schedule a controlled migration with rollback plans and imaging procedures.

Final verdict: what every Windows 10 user should take away​

  • Time is the operative factor. Microsoft’s end-of-support date—October 14, 2025—is fixed, and the safe migration window narrows as that date approaches. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Upgrading to Windows 11 is free for eligible PCs and Microsoft provides official tools (Windows Update, Installation Assistant, and Media Creation Tool) to perform supported in-place upgrades or clean installs. Plan your upgrade, back up your data, and prefer the official paths over unsupported hacks. (microsoft.com)
  • If you’re blocked by hardware, don’t panic—but do act. Enroll in ESU if you need time, or evaluate hardware upgrades/trade-ins. ESU buys a limited extension, but it’s not a substitute for migration. (microsoft.com)
The transition from Windows 10 to Windows 11 is not just cosmetic: Microsoft designed the newer OS around a higher security baseline and a modern platform roadmap. For most users, the recommended path is to check compatibility, back up, and complete the official upgrade before October 14, 2025. For those who cannot immediately move, ESU and careful planning will keep systems protected while migration is arranged. (support.microsoft.com)
This is an actionable guide: follow the checklist above, run the Microsoft PC Health Check, and choose the official upgrade path that matches your hardware and tolerance for change. If you’re reading a “how-to” post or a short news alert—take the time now to verify compatibility, back up your important data, and schedule the migration. The clock is real, and the safest route is to migrate within Microsoft’s supported channels while updates are still flowing.
Source: digit.in Windows 10 support ending soon: How to upgrade to Windows 11 for free
 
The countdown is real: on October 14, 2025, Microsoft will end support for Windows 10, and for many users the central question is practical and immediate — will upgrading to Windows 11 cost you money, or can you keep using the license you already own? The short answer for most home and small-business users is that upgrading from an activated Windows 10 installation to Windows 11 is free when the PC meets Microsoft’s hardware requirements; for devices that don’t meet those requirements there are paid and unsupported options (including Microsoft’s Consumer Extended Security Updates, hardware upgrades, or various unofficial workarounds), each carrying trade-offs in security, compatibility, and long-term cost. (support.microsoft.com)

Background​

Windows 10’s official end-of-support date — the day Microsoft stops shipping security updates, feature updates, and technical assistance — is October 14, 2025. That deadline applies to consumer editions (Home and Pro) as well as Enterprise, Education and other Windows 10 SKUs that Microsoft lists in its lifecycle schedule. After that date, a machine running Windows 10 will continue to boot and run, but it will no longer receive patches that fix critical vulnerabilities, leaving it increasingly exposed to malware and attacks over time. (learn.microsoft.com)
Microsoft’s guidance for users is clear and simple: if your device meets Windows 11 requirements, upgrade; if it does not, consider enrolling in the Consumer Extended Security Updates program (ESU) for an additional year of critical security coverage, buy a new Windows 11-capable PC, or replace/upgrade components. Microsoft also emphasizes linking a Microsoft account to your Windows license to simplify activation and recovery after hardware changes. (support.microsoft.com)

Overview: Who pays — and when?​

  • For eligible PCs already running an activated copy of Windows 10 (Home or Pro), Microsoft provides a free upgrade path to Windows 11. The existing Windows 10 license becomes a Windows 11 digital license during the upgrade process, provided your machine meets the defined minimum hardware and firmware requirements. That means no additional purchase is necessary in most normal upgrade scenarios. (support.microsoft.com)
  • If your PC does not meet Windows 11’s minimum requirements, you have several choices:
  • Enroll in Microsoft’s Consumer Extended Security Updates (ESU) program for Windows 10 to receive critical security updates through October 13, 2026. Enrollment can be free (by syncing Windows Backup settings), redeemed with Microsoft Rewards points, or paid: Microsoft offers a one-time consumer option of $30 USD (or local-currency equivalent) that covers up to 10 devices tied to a Microsoft account. Enterprises have different pricing and renewal terms. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Upgrade hardware (for example, enabling or installing a TPM 2.0 module, swapping to a supported CPU/motherboard, or adding RAM and storage) so the machine qualifies for Windows 11.
  • Use unofficial workarounds (custom ISOs, installers like Rufus, or community-built small-footprint versions such as Tiny11) to install Windows 11 on unsupported hardware — a path that is technically possible but unsupported by Microsoft and may block future updates or warranty coverage. (support.microsoft.com)

Windows 11 licensing and activation — the legal mechanics​

How an upgrade “becomes” free​

Microsoft distinguishes between selling a new Windows license and upgrading an eligible, activated device. When you upgrade an activated Windows 10 PC to Windows 11 through the official channels (Windows Update, Installation Assistant, or a clean install on the same hardware), the upgrade process typically results in a digital license being associated with that device. In practice, that means existing Windows 10 product keys or the device’s digital entitlement are recognized and you do not have to buy a second license. If you sign into the same Microsoft account on the upgraded device, the digital license will show under Activation settings. (support.microsoft.com)

What matters: edition parity and linked accounts​

  • The automatic activation generally requires you to install the same edition (Home vs. Pro) that was previously activated; switching editions may require a product key or a Store purchase.
  • Linking your Microsoft account to the device’s digital license helps with reactivation after significant hardware changes. Microsoft’s activation troubleshooters rely on that association. If you plan to change motherboard or transfer the license to another machine, having the Microsoft account linked simplifies the process. (support.microsoft.com)

When a purchase is required​

  • If a device has never had an activated Windows license, or you are installing Windows 11 on a new machine without an OEM license, you will need to buy Windows 11 (or a license key). Likewise, retail product keys are still required if you want to change edition or lack a digital entitlement to transfer. For most users upgrading an existing activated Windows 10 machine, this is not the case. (support.microsoft.com)

Windows 11 minimum hardware and firmware requirements (what can block a free upgrade)​

Microsoft’s published minimum requirements for Windows 11 set a higher baseline than Windows 10 did. At the time of writing, the headline requirements are:
  • Processor: 1 GHz or faster with 2 or more cores — and the CPU must appear on Microsoft’s list of supported processors (in practice, that means many Intel CPUs 8th generation and newer, many AMD Ryzen 2000 and newer processors, and certain Qualcomm chips). (support.microsoft.com)
  • RAM: 4 GB or more. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Storage: 64 GB or larger. (support.microsoft.com)
  • System firmware: UEFI and Secure Boot capable and enabled. (support.microsoft.com)
  • TPM: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0. If TPM is disabled but present in firmware (fTPM on many AMD/Intel platforms), enabling it in UEFI may make the system eligible. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Graphics: DirectX 12 compatible GPU with WDDM 2.0 driver. (learn.microsoft.com)
These requirements are the practical gatekeepers for the free upgrade; if a machine fails any of the critical checks (especially TPM 2.0 or a supported CPU), Windows Update will typically not offer the free upgrade path. OEM and Microsoft documentation is the authoritative source for the specific supported-processor lists, which have evolved over time and may be adjusted for OEM systems. (learn.microsoft.com)

How to check compatibility (step-by-step)​

  • Use the Windows PC Health Check app or Settings > Windows Update > Check for updates. Microsoft will often show an “Upgrade to Windows 11” banner if your device is eligible. (intel.com)
  • In UEFI/BIOS, verify that Secure Boot is enabled and that TPM (or fTPM / PTT) is present and turned on. Many motherboards have TPM settings under “Security” or “Advanced” menus. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Confirm RAM and storage meet the minima (4 GB RAM, 64 GB storage) and that your GPU supports DirectX 12/WDDM 2.0. (learn.microsoft.com)
  • Link your Microsoft account to the device (Settings > Accounts) to make future reactivation and troubleshooting easier. (support.microsoft.com)

If your PC is eligible: a safe, recommended upgrade path​

  • Back up important files using Windows Backup, OneDrive, or third-party tools. Always treat upgrades as potential change events — drivers and apps may behave differently post-upgrade.
  • Update Windows 10 to the latest Windows 10 22H2 build and all cumulative updates before initiating the Windows 11 upgrade. Microsoft recommends starting from a fully patched system. (learn.microsoft.com)
  • Use Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update or the Windows 11 Installation Assistant if the update doesn’t appear automatically. On supported hardware, the process migrates your license and keeps apps and files in place. (support.microsoft.com)
Numbered upgrade checklist:
  • Confirm eligibility (PC Health Check / Windows Update).
  • Create a full backup or disk image.
  • Link Microsoft account to the device.
  • Apply latest Windows 10 updates.
  • Use Windows Update or the official Installation Assistant.
  • Verify activation and driver updates after the upgrade. (support.microsoft.com)

If your PC is NOT eligible: options, costs, and tradeoffs​

1) Consumer ESU — pay or enroll for one extra year of security updates​

  • Microsoft’s Consumer Extended Security Updates (ESU) provides critical and important security updates for enrolled Windows 10 devices until October 13, 2026.
  • Enrollment methods: sync PC settings to OneDrive (no cost), redeem 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points (no cash cost), or make a one-time payment of $30 USD (local pricing may vary). Each ESU license covers up to 10 devices tied to the same Microsoft account. ESU does not include feature updates or technical support and is a stopgap, not a long-term upgrade strategy. (support.microsoft.com)

2) Hardware upgrades — potential outlay​

  • Adding or enabling TPM (where the motherboard supports fTPM/PTT) and enabling Secure Boot will cost little or nothing when it’s only a firmware toggle. But if the platform lacks a TPM header or fTPM support, you might need to buy a discrete TPM 2.0 module (if the motherboard supports it) or replace the motherboard/CPU — which is an expensive route that can approach the cost of a new PC.
  • Upgrading RAM or storage to meet the minimums is inexpensive for many desktops and some laptops, but CPU/motherboard compatibility is often the most expensive limiting factor. Evaluate the total cost of parts plus labor vs. a new machine. (support.microsoft.com)

3) Buy a new Windows 11 PC or a retail Windows 11 license​

  • Buying a new or refurbished PC with Windows 11 preinstalled is the simplest path and provides immediate hardware support, warranty, and guaranteed ongoing security updates. For many users, the long-term value of modern hardware offsets the near-term cost. (support.microsoft.com)

4) Unsupported / unofficial workarounds (Rufus, modified ISOs, Tiny11)​

  • Third-party tools like Rufus offer Extended Windows 11 installation options that modify the installation image to bypass TPM and Secure Boot checks when booting from a USB. Community-built stripped versions like Tiny11 aim to run newer Windows 11 builds on older hardware by removing components and compatibility checks. These methods can be attractive because they avoid purchase costs and hardware upgrades, but they carry material risks:
  • Microsoft explicitly warns that installing Windows 11 on unsupported hardware is not recommended and may result in a lack of updates, compatibility issues, or unsupported device states. Unsupported systems may not get cumulative security updates and may encounter driver and performance problems. Manufacturers may not honor warranty claims if system modifications cause damage. (support.microsoft.com)
  • In short: unofficial methods can be used by experienced tinkerers but are a poor choice for mission-critical systems, businesses with compliance needs, or users unwilling to assume security risk.

Costs to expect — a practical breakdown​

  • Free: In-place upgrade from an activated Windows 10 to Windows 11 on compatible hardware (no license purchase). (support.microsoft.com)
  • $0 or non-cash: ESU via Windows Backup sync or redeeming 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points. (support.microsoft.com)
  • $30 (one‑time): Consumer ESU paid option that covers up to 10 devices under one Microsoft account for critical security updates through Oct 13, 2026. (support.microsoft.com)
  • $61+ per device / higher: Commercial ESU options for organizations (more expensive and tiered over multiple years). (blogs.windows.com)
  • Variable: Hardware upgrades (TPM module, new motherboard/CPU, RAM/storage) — cost depends hugely on form factor and whether a laptop is upgradable. For many older laptops, replacement parts are prohibitively expensive or impossible. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Variable but often lower risk: Buying a new PC with Windows 11 (prices vary by features and vendor); may be cost-effective compared to piecemeal hardware upgrades. (support.microsoft.com)

Risks and security implications​

  • Running an unsupported OS or installing Windows 11 on hardware Microsoft doesn’t support increases the likelihood of missing critical security fixes or driver updates. Unpatched systems become easier targets for ransomware and other exploits. Microsoft’s lifecycle policy means Windows 10 devices not enrolled in ESU will stop receiving security updates after October 14, 2025. (learn.microsoft.com)
  • Third-party bypasses and modified ISOs can produce stability issues, driver incompatibilities, and may void manufacturer warranties. They can also complicate recovery and support if hardware fails. For organizations subject to compliance rules, running unsupported configurations can violate security policies or insurance requirements. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Cost of delayed migration: postponing the move to Windows 11 can produce cumulative costs — rising vulnerability exposure, potential downtime from attacks, and the eventual pressure to replace multiple devices at once rather than in a staged, planned manner. The ESU buys time but is not a substitute for migration planning. (support.microsoft.com)

Practical recommendations for users and small businesses​

  • Prioritize backups now. Before any upgrade, create local and cloud backups, and verify restore procedures. A full disk image is the safest single safeguard against a failed upgrade.
  • Check eligibility and enable TPM/Secure Boot where possible. Many PCs can be made compatible by toggling firmware settings rather than hardware changes. Consult manufacturer support materials before changing firmware options. (support.microsoft.com)
  • If your PC is ineligible and replacement is costly, evaluate ESU enrollment (free or paid) as a temporary bridge while planning a staged hardware refresh. ESU’s $30 consumer option covers up to 10 devices and is relatively inexpensive insurance compared with the risk of unpatched systems. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Avoid unofficial bypass installs for critical machines. If you are an advanced user experimenting on spare hardware, document and accept the security and support trade-offs. For production and business devices, prefer supported hardware and formal migration procedures. (support.microsoft.com)
  • Consider non-Windows alternatives for truly unsupported legacy hardware: lightweight Linux distributions can extend the useful life of very old PCs while restoring security updates without ESU payments. This is a practical, low-cost path for users comfortable with a different OS ecosystem.

The bigger picture: Microsoft’s strategy and market effects​

Microsoft’s insistence on TPM 2.0, Secure Boot and relatively recent CPU models is framed as a security-first posture: hardware-based roots of trust and virtualization-based protections make it harder for firmware and kernel-level threats to persist. That position increases the security baseline of the Windows ecosystem and reduces long-term maintenance costs for Microsoft and OEM partners. (theverge.com)
But the policy also accelerates hardware churn and arguably increases cost pressure on consumers with still-usable machines that are ineligible by Microsoft’s rules. The Consumer ESU program — especially with a low-cost consumer path — reflects a compromise: allow time for migration without forcing immediate wholesale purchases, but also encourage transitions to modern hardware. This balancing act has environmental and economic implications: e-waste concerns and household budget impacts have spurred community responses (from tiny Windows builds to Linux migration projects), and they will shape adoption patterns in the months after the Windows 10 end-of-support date. (windowscentral.com)

Final analysis — will it cost you?​

  • If your PC is eligible: no direct licensing cost for the upgrade. The upgrade is free, but indirect costs (time to back up, potential driver updates, a small risk of reinstallation) can occur. Ensure you have a linked Microsoft account and create a backup before proceeding. (support.microsoft.com)
  • If your PC is not eligible: there will likely be a cost, one way or another. That cost could be as small as $0 (if you enroll in ESU via Windows Backup sync or Microsoft Rewards) or $30 for the ESU paid option — and as large as hundreds to thousands of dollars if you need new hardware or multiple component replacements. Unofficial workarounds may avoid direct spending but introduce security and support risk that can cost much more in the long run. (support.microsoft.com)
  • For businesses and sensitive setups: plan, budget, and test. Use ESU only as a bridge while you migrate machines into compliant hardware or alternative supported environments. ESU pricing and policies differ for commercial customers and typically include higher per-device fees and stricter enrollment rules. (blogs.windows.com)

Quick reference: what to do in the next 30–90 days​

  • Verify your Windows 10 edition and build (must be 22H2 to enroll in consumer ESU).
  • Run PC Health Check or Settings > Windows Update to test Windows 11 eligibility. (intel.com)
  • Link your Microsoft account to your Windows installation (Settings > Accounts). (support.microsoft.com)
  • Back up files and create a system image.
  • If eligible: schedule the Windows 11 upgrade at a convenient time. If not eligible: weigh ESU enrollment, hardware upgrade, or replacement options, and avoid unsupported hacks for critical systems. (support.microsoft.com)
Windows 10’s end of support is a clear pivot point: the license economics are straightforward for eligible systems — Microsoft honors existing Windows 10 activations and upgrades to Windows 11 without an extra licensing charge. The more complex part of the story is hardware eligibility and the choices required when machines fail the TPM, CPU, Secure Boot or storage checks. For many consumers the path will be free and smooth; for others, the decision will involve balancing one-time costs, security risk, device lifespan, and environmental considerations. The practical advice is conservative and simple: check compatibility now, back up everything, link your Microsoft account, and pick the upgrade or ESU path that aligns with your security needs and budget. (support.microsoft.com)
Conclusion: the upgrade itself usually won’t cost you money — but making your PC eligible, or choosing a safe alternative for unsupported hardware, will often carry a price. Plan deliberately, treat ESU as temporary insurance if needed, and avoid unsupported workarounds on production machines.
Source: mibolsillo.co https://www.mibolsillo.co/news/Windows-10-says-goodbye-Is-it-going-to-cost-you-to-upgrade-your-license-to-Windows-11-20250912-0009.html
 
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