March 2025 Patch Tuesday: Addressing 57 Vulnerabilities in Windows

Microsoft’s March Patch Tuesday delivers a hefty update – and with it, a barrage of vulnerabilities that IT professionals and Windows users need to quickly address. This month’s bulletin features 57 vulnerabilities – a volume comparable to last month’s release – with evidence of in-the-wild exploitation for as many as six of them, alongside public disclosure concerns. Let’s dive into the details and unpack what these security updates mean for your Windows environment.

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Overview of the March 2025 Patch Tuesday​

Microsoft’s latest Patch Tuesday update for March 2025 reveals a total of 57 vulnerabilities. While a sizeable number by any measure, the true concern lies in the active exploitation witnessed in the wild for up to six of these vulnerabilities. Notably, this month marks the sixth consecutive Patch Tuesday where Microsoft has published zero-day vulnerabilities without initially classifying any as critical severity. Adding further urgency, six of the vulnerabilities are critical remote code execution (RCE) issues.
Key highlights:

• Total vulnerabilities: 57 (excluding 10 browser-specific vulnerabilities released separately).
• In-the-wild exploitation: Confirmed evidence for up to six vulnerabilities.
• Zero-day trend: Sixth straight month without critically rated zero-day vulnerabilities at publication.
• Critical RCE: Six remote code execution vulnerabilities.

With such a diverse array of issues across different subsystems, staying vigilant and updated with the latest patches is essential.

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Deep Dive: NTFS and File System Vulnerabilities​

Several vulnerabilities in the update target file systems, particularly NTFS and the Fast FAT file system driver. These issues highlight the inherent risks in older and sometimes overlooked components of Windows security.

NTFS Vulnerabilities​

• CVE-2025-24983 (Elevation of Privilege):
• Affected systems: Older Windows products.
• Details: An elevation of privilege flaw in the Win32 kernel subsystem that has been exploited in the wild.
• Impact: While Windows 11 and Server 2019 onwards appear unaffected, the vulnerability in legacy systems remains a significant concern. Successful exploitation can grant SYSTEM privileges, making prompt patching essential.
• CVE-2025-24984 (Information Disclosure):
• Attack vector: Physical media, specifically via a malicious USB drive.
• Details: Exploitation can lead to inadvertent exposure of heap memory into system logs (CWE-532). Although rated with a low CVSSv3 base score of 4.6 due to practical exploitation difficulties, the potential leakage of sensitive data makes this vulnerability important.
• Advisory note: It underscores the benefit of strict USB port controls and monitoring.
• CVE-2025-24991 (Out-of-Bounds Read):
• Attack vector: Mounting a malicious Virtual Hard Disk (VHD).
• Details: The vulnerability can lead to disclosure of small portions of heap memory. With evidence of exploitation by attackers, users are urged to exercise vigilance when mounting external disk images.
• CVE-2025-24993 (Heap-Based Buffer Overflow):
• Attack vector: Similar to the previous vulnerability – triggered when a user mounts a malicious VHD.
• Impact: Allows for potential local code execution. Despite the requirement for user interaction, the CVSSv3 base score of 7.8 indicates valuable reward potential for attackers, essentially paving the way to SYSTEM-level access.
• CVE-2025-24985 (Integer Overflow/Wraparound):
• Affected component: Windows Fast FAT file system driver.
• Details: Exploitation requires mounting a malicious VHD and can lead to code execution through integer overflow vulnerabilities. Evidence of exploitation has confirmed its risk level.

An anonymous security researcher is credited across multiple NTFS vulnerabilities, suggesting a noteworthy discovery process that revealed multiple, interrelated weaknesses within these file system drivers.

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Application and Subsystem Vulnerabilities​

Beyond file systems, Microsoft’s bulletin highlights vulnerabilities that affect key Windows applications and subsystems. These vulnerabilities demonstrate the multifaceted nature of modern security threats and the challenges in patching them effectively.

Microsoft Management Console & Microsoft Access​

• CVE-2025-26633 (Management Console Bypass):
• Details: After a prolonged period without zero-day issues in the Management Console, this week’s update has reintroduced a vulnerability. Exploitation requires environment preparation coupled with user interaction, such as opening a malicious file.
• Potential impact: Although the advisory does not detail the final outcome of exploitation, the ability to bypass security features in tools designed for system administration could allow attackers to craft custom management tools or exfiltrate privileged data.
• CVE-2025-26630 (Use-After-Free in Microsoft Access):
• Attack vector: Requires the user to open a specifically crafted malicious file.
• Details: Classified as a “remote-but-actually-local” vulnerability, it follows the well-known CWE-416 pattern. This weakness has been publicly disclosed, though Microsoft considers exploitation less likely – possibly due to control measures like the absence of the Preview Pane as an attack vector.
• Context: This vulnerability follows a series of Access issues seen in previous months and may hint at ongoing research and evolving threats from groups such as Unpatched.ai.

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) and RDP Vulnerabilities​

• CVE-2025-24084 (WSL2 Kernel Arbitrary Code Execution):
• Details: Despite no confirmed public disclosure or exploitation evidence, this vulnerability is ranked critical with a CVSSv3 score of 8.4. It warns of multiple attack vectors, including scenarios where user interaction might not be necessary.
• Advisory: The possibility of triggering via something as innocuous as a malicious email underlines the importance of patching even when active exploitation evidence is limited.
• CVE-2025-26645 (Malicious RDP Server Exploitation):
• Attack vector: The vulnerability affects clients connecting to RDP servers.
• Details: A malicious RDP server can facilitate remote code execution on a vulnerable client with little more than a connection attempt, relying on the CVSSv3 score of 8.8 to warn of its substantial risks.
• Security advice: This vulnerability is a reminder to carefully vet and monitor RDP servers, especially in environments where lateral movement through the network could prove disastrous.

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Lifecycle and Future Support Considerations​

In addition to the vulnerabilities, Microsoft’s update also includes critical product lifecycle news:

• SQL Server 2019: Transitioning from mainstream to extended support effective February 28, 2025.
• Visual Studio App Center: Scheduled for retirement on March 31, 2025.
• Dynamics GP 2015: Exiting extended support on April 8, 2025.

These transitions highlight the ongoing evolution of Microsoft’s product ecosystem. IT professionals and administrators are urged to stay abreast of these changes, as support transitions can affect security patch availability and long-term maintenance planning.

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A Call for Proactive Defense​

This month’s update underscores a critical reality: attackers are continuously adapting to new and existing vulnerabilities, even in systems that many might consider hardened or legacy. Here are a few proactive measures to consider:

• Apply Patches Promptly: Whether it’s an exploitation witnessed in the wild or a low base score vulnerability signaling potential risk escalation – timely patches are your first line of defense.
• Secure Legacy Systems: Even if newer versions like Windows 11 and Server 2019 remain unaffected by some vulnerabilities, older systems continue to be at risk. Ensure proper isolation and enhanced control measures are in place for legacy products.
• Monitor USB and External Device Usage: With physical attack vectors – such as malicious USB drives – still viable, enforcing strict control policies on external device connectivity is critical.
• Evaluate RDP Server Trust: Always confirm the reliability of any RDP server, and follow best practices such as network segmentation and regular monitoring of remote sessions.
• Educate End Users: Simple user actions such as opening unknown files or mounting untrusted VHDs can be the weak link in your security chain. Regular awareness training is advised.

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Final Thoughts​

Microsoft’s March Patch Tuesday is a stark reminder of the continuous evolution of cybersecurity threats in the Windows ecosystem. From NTFS vulnerabilities to critical flaws in subsystems like WSL2 and Remote Desktop Protocol, the diversity and complexity of these issues reflect the persistent need for robust security postures. IT departments should prioritize immediate patching, continuous monitoring, and comprehensive user education to mitigate risks.
As always, staying informed and proactive is essential. With evidence of in-the-wild exploitation and public disclosure of certain flaws, neglecting these updates isn’t an option. Whether you’re managing enterprise environments or safeguarding personal systems, these patches reinforce a simple, yet vital, truth: security is a moving target. It’s time to lock down those systems and fortify your defenses.

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This comprehensive update serves as both a technical briefing and a reminder that cybersecurity is an ongoing, ever-adapting field. Stay alert, patch promptly, and protect your Windows environment from the myriad threats lurking beneath the surface.

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Source: IT Brief Australia March Patch Tuesday reveals 57 vulnerabilities

 

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Microsoft’s latest Patch Tuesday release serves as a stark reminder that in the realm of cybersecurity, no system is truly bulletproof. In a bundle addressing 57 vulnerabilities, Microsoft has drawn particular attention to 12 key issues—six of which are already being exploited by threat actors. This extensive patch package underscores the accelerating pace of cyberattacks and the need for urgent remediation across various components of Microsoft’s software ecosystem.

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Actively Exploited Vulnerabilities: A Closer Look​

Among the myriad fixes, a critical subset targets vulnerabilities that attackers are already leveraging in the wild. Notably, three of these high-risk flaws affect the Windows NTFS file system:

• CVE-2025-24993:
  A heap-based buffer overflow impacts NTFS on Windows Server 2008 and later operating systems—including Windows 10 and 11. Although classified as remote code execution (RCE), its exploitation requires local action: an unsuspecting user must mount a malicious virtual hard disk (VHD) image. Rated at 7.8 on the CVSS scale, this vulnerability is simple enough to trigger for an unprepared user but remains a potent entry point for local attacks.
• CVE-2025-24991:
  This vulnerability is an information-disclosure flaw in NTFS, rated at 5.5. By permitting an out-of-bounds read, an attacker can extract sensitive data after convincing a user to mount a manipulated VHD image. Despite its lower severity, its potential for facilitating further exploits makes it no less dangerous.
• CVE-2025-24984:
  With a CVSS score of 4.6, this NTFS vulnerability allows an attacker to implant sensitive information in a log file. While the requirement for physical access might limit its exploitability in some environments, it nonetheless exposes an additional vector through which an attacker can compromise system integrity.

Beyond NTFS, three additional vulnerabilities are making headlines for their exploitability:

• CVE-2025-24985:
  This flaw is found in the Windows Fast FAT File System Driver and permits code execution when a malicious VHD is mounted. If coordinated with a privilege escalation vulnerability, an attacker could potentially seize complete control of the affected system.
• CVE-2025-24983:
  Though its exploitation requires prior authentication, this bug in the Win32 Kernel Subsystem affords attackers the ability to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level. A carefully crafted program is all it takes, making this flaw a lucrative target for adversaries with limited access to begin with.
• CVE-2025-26633:
  Found in the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), this security feature bypass flaw is particularly insidious. Researchers have observed its use in campaigns where over 600 organizations were compromised by tricking users into opening a poisoned MSC file—a file that leverages MMC to configure and monitor system settings. This vulnerability neatly illustrates how social engineering can be combined with technical flaws to bypass system defenses.

These actively exploited vulnerabilities, while differing in severity and exploit conditions, collectively illustrate the evolving tactics of cybercriminals. An attacker can use local vulnerabilities—despite requiring some degree of user interaction—to lay the groundwork for more extensive compromises. In this environment, even seemingly minor oversights can open pathways for serious breaches.

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Critical Vulnerabilities and Their Broader Impact​

In addition to the actively exploited issues, Microsoft’s update addresses six critical vulnerabilities that could become high-priority targets if left unpatched. These flaws are characterized by their high CVSS ratings and potential for remote exploitation:

• Windows Remote Desktop Services (RDS) Flaws:
  Two vulnerabilities within RDS receive particular attention:
• CVE-2025-24035 involves a sensitive data storage problem, where RDS improperly locks memory.
• CVE-2025-24045 is a race condition bug—a timing issue that, when exploited, could lead to unauthorized access or disruption.

Both vulnerabilities carry a severity rating of 8.1, reflecting the significant risks associated with compromised remote desktop environments. Given the widespread use of RDS in enterprise settings, failing to patch these issues could lead to cascading effects across corporate networks.

• Remote Desktop Client Vulnerability (CVE-2025-26645):
  With a CVSS rating of 8.8, this flaw allows remote code execution (RCE) over a network. Its exploitation involves a relative path traversal scenario, where connecting to a malicious remote desktop protocol (RDP) server opens up a dangerous vector for attackers. This vulnerability is a reminder of the constant need for vigilance, especially when dealing with remote connectivity tools that are often exposed to the internet.
• Office Preview Pane Vulnerability (CVE-2025-24057):
  Rated 7.8, this heap-based buffer overflow in Office’s Preview Pane stands out because it appears to require user interaction—specifically, previewing a file. Yet, even this level of interaction can be manipulated by threat actors through social engineering. The potential for “drive-by” attacks that exploit common behaviors in modern office suites cannot be underestimated.
• Windows DNS Server and Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Vulnerabilities:
• CVE-2025-24064 is a use-after-free flaw in the Windows DNS Server, presenting an opportunity for attackers to execute arbitrary code under the right conditions.
• CVE-2025-24084 affects the Windows Subsystem for Linux kernel, further broadening the attack surface for potential remote code execution.

Each of these critical vulnerabilities, even if not yet actively exploited in the wild, poses a substantial risk. They remind organizations that the defense perimeter is not static and that delays in patching can quickly transform a latent flaw into a full-blown crisis.

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Less-Noticed but Equally Essential Fixes​

Beyond the vulnerabilities already making headlines, Microsoft’s fix bundle includes updates for bugs that haven’t yet been exploited. Among these is CVE-2025-26630, a use-after-free bug in Microsoft Access. Spotted by security research outfit Unpatched.ai, this vulnerability could theoretically allow remote code execution if a user is tricked into downloading and opening a malicious file through social engineering. While it hasn’t been weaponized by attackers yet, its presence in the patch notes underscores the ongoing balancing act between proactive security and reactive measures.
The total of 57 fixes in this patch cycle not only address manifold attack vectors but also highlight the complexity of modern operating systems where even long-standing components can hide severe flaws. Administrators and everyday users alike should take note of these updates, as each patch serves to lock down avenues that threat actors might otherwise exploit.

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Industry Perspectives and Emerging Trends​

The sheer volume and variety of vulnerabilities addressed in this month’s Patch Tuesday update provide ample food for thought. Cybersecurity is increasingly characterized by attackers combining technical exploits with social engineering tactics, exploiting nuances that even well-protected systems can inadvertently expose.

• The Role of Social Engineering:
  Several of the vulnerabilities—especially those involving the mounting of malicious VHDs or previewing compromised files—rely on a modicum of user interaction. This means that, alongside technological defenses, organizations must also prioritize user education. After all, even the most robust system can be compromised if users unwittingly aid attackers by acting on cleverly disguised prompts.
• Remote Access Under the Microscope:
  With two significant vulnerabilities affecting Windows Remote Desktop Services and another targeting the Remote Desktop Client, it’s evident that remote connectivity remains a favorite target for cyber adversaries. These flaws serve as a stark reminder of how crucial it is for IT departments to continuously monitor, patch, and harden remote access systems against evolving threats.
• Underlying Legacy Systems:
  Vulnerabilities in components such as NTFS and even legacy support for features used in Windows Server 2008 remind us that the long life span of many Microsoft products can introduce security challenges. Maintaining and securing these older systems is increasingly difficult as new threats arise that exploit decades-old architectures and methodologies.

The timing of these patches—released on the traditional Patch Tuesday schedule—reflects an ongoing commitment to closing security gaps. However, the rapid evolution of threats means that even these proactive actions must be supplemented with constant vigilance and sophisticated threat detection systems.

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Practical Advice for Windows Users and Administrators​

For IT professionals and everyday Windows users alike, the message is clear: do not delay. Here are some practical steps to ensure robust security in the wake of these recent patches:

• Apply Patches Promptly:
  Whether you’re an administrator overseeing a network of servers or an end user with a single workstation, ensure that Microsoft’s latest security updates are installed as soon as they become available.
• Educate End Users:
  Given that many of the exploited vulnerabilities require some form of user interaction—such as mounting an untrusted VHD or previewing an unexpected file—it is crucial to train users on the risks and safe practices associated with these actions. Awareness is a powerful defense.
• Strengthen Remote Access Security:
  With critical vulnerabilities in RDS and Remote Desktop Client, consider bolstering remote access protocols. This might include implementing virtual private networks (VPNs), enforcing multi-factor authentication (MFA), and continuously monitoring remote sessions for anomalies.
• Maintain Defense in Depth:
  Use a layered security approach that encompasses robust antivirus/antimalware solutions, firewalls, and regular system audits. By combining technology with user education, organizations can better protect themselves from multi-vector attacks.
• Monitor Security Advisories:
  Stay tuned to trusted sources and internal communications channels like WindowsForum.com for the latest updates and advisories. This continuous flow of information is imperative to keep pace with the evolving threat landscape.

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Beyond Microsoft: What About Other Platforms?​

It’s not just Microsoft that’s having a security moment this month. Apple and Adobe have also joined the patch parade, reflecting a broader industry trend.

• Apple’s Safari Vulnerability:
  Apple’s patch for CVE-2025-24201 addresses a serious security flaw in Safari that could let attackers bypass the Web Content sandbox. This vulnerability, actively exploited in sophisticated targeted attacks against older versions of iOS, once again underscores the risks even for systems presumed to be secure by design. The measure is a reminder that no platform is immune to persistent threats.
• Adobe’s Extensive Fixes:
  Adobe has rolled out updates for its products, including nine flaws in Acrobat—six of which are deemed critical. Beyond Acrobat, updates have also been issued for Illustrator, InDesign, and the Substance 3D suite (Sampler, Designer, Painter, and Modeler). These patches reflect an industry-wide recognition that creative and productivity software, often used in high-stakes business environments, increasingly forms a target for cyberattacks.

The convergence of patch activities across these major software vendors signals an urgent need for cross-platform security awareness. Whether you are a Windows user, an Apple aficionado, or reliant on Adobe’s creative suite, the core message remains consistent: timely updates are indispensable in a world where attackers continuously refine their methods.

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Concluding Thoughts​

Microsoft’s most recent Patch Tuesday update is a vivid illustration of the multifaceted challenges in modern cybersecurity. From actively exploited vulnerabilities in NTFS and file system drivers to critical flaws in Remote Desktop Services and Office components, the scope of issues addressed this month is both broad and deep. The fact that several vulnerabilities require only minimal user interaction—yet can have devastating consequences when combined with the right exploits—highlights the evolving tactics of cyber adversaries in today’s interconnected environment.
For IT administrators, the directive is unequivocal: patch immediately, educate users diligently, and continually monitor network defenses. For everyday users, it underscores the significance of maintaining an updated system environment and exercising caution when interacting with potentially untrusted files or network resources.
As threats evolve, so too must our defenses. By keeping abreast of updates published on Patch Tuesday cycles and following best practices for cybersecurity, organizations can better safeguard their digital assets. Remember, the strength of your security posture hinges not just on software updates but on a comprehensive strategy that includes user education, multi-layered defenses, and real-time monitoring.
In this fast-paced and complex security landscape, staying informed is half the battle. With updates like these from Microsoft, along with similar moves from Apple and Adobe, there is a collective emphasis on resilience. Let this serve as both a call to immediate action and a reminder that vigilance must be an ongoing priority in the quest to secure our digital future.
Stay safe and keep those patches applied.

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Source: The Register Microsoft's Patch Tuesday reports 6 flaws already under fire