Make sure you are running Windows7 SP1.
Since Microsoft started pushing out the IE10 update on Feb. 26 2013, earlier this year, I have many Customers whose Internet stopped working. Generally speaking this update crashes computers that have Windows instability or file corruption. The resolution to this problem 9 times out of 10 involves backing up your critical data to an external hard drive, flash drive, or cd/dvd disc and formatting your hard drive and doing a complete (destructive) reinstall of your Windows7 on your computer.
If you have Factory Recovery Discs that came with your computer ( you didn't mention whether you had a laptop or a desktop PC), you'll need to set your BIOS to boot from your DVD/CD drive, install the first of probably 2 or 3 Recovery Discs into your DVD/CD drive and follow the prompts. Make sure you select, REMOVE ALL PARTITIONS, and FORMAT DRIVE options.
If an undetected Virus damaged your Windows kernel and system files, this is the only way to repair your problem. Of course, this is assuming you don't have defective hardware, such as a faulty hard drive. If you apply the RECOVERY DISCS and perform Windows7 reinstall I recommend and the IE10 still fails, you most likely have faulty hardware. Most likely the hard drive, but could also be due to faulty RAM memory (I have a computer on my Bench right now that is failing to work with IE due to failed RAM), but could also be the Motherboard. I have seen all 3 failures cause the IE10 failure.
You can run internal hardware diagnostics if you have Dell, Toshiba, HP, or ACER name brand computers; they are built-in and free. However, that is only about a 50% chance that will lead you to the right failed component.
I suggest you use the UBCD linux tool set by Benjamin Burrows. You can search google and it's a free download, but takes some bit of computer experience to create the disc. If you have a knowledgeable computer friend, you may be able to borrow a copy, or better yet have your friend run the UBCD on your computer and help you with interpreting the results.
If you don't have access to a computer-savvy friend, or he doesn't have the UBCD tool set; I suggest you take your computer to a local licensed Computer Professional, preferably A+ Certified. If you go to a Computer Store they will charge between $45-$65 US to run this Diagnosis. If you can find a local Independent Licensed Computer Pro (like myself), they will often do the Diagnostic for Free and identify the failing part for you at no charge! Once you know your internal components are solid, you can then do the backup and complete Windows7 reinstall with confidence.
Most people will go the DIY (Do It Yourself) route with the Windows reinstall first, and then after days of rebuilding and getting the exact same IE10 error, they will throw up their hands and either take the computer to a Computer Pro or just throw the thing in the trash! You pick whichever method works for you.
If you have specific questions, let us know and we can guide you. There will be other folks here on the Forums who may be able to help you fix the problem without reinstalling, but, than can take several days or weeks to do, even if you have the expertise. If you do not, you should carefully consider what I've said.
Best of Luck,
BIGBEARJEDI