To close the loop on this problem:
As to the problem with Microsoft Windows Update -- I downloaded from Microsoft a program that "fixes" Windows Update. When I ran this program, it found two problems (although it did not specify the details :-( ) that it fixed. From then on, I was able to complete all of the updates. I did 17 updates of approximately 140 MB in about 50 minutes. For some folks, this would be quite slow. But I was fine with this speed.