OK, I solved my own problem!
After my last post I did some additional investigation and found that my problem was an old IDTNC64.CPL file in the system32 folder. I also learned that this CPL file is part of an IDT Audio driver that HP and DELL use on some of their PC's and laptops. Evidently, this driver was never upgraded by any of the Windows releases and that it has a history of causing crashes in file explorer. It's also worth noting that HP's update program never tagged it as a driver that needed to be updated either. Doing another search for IDT Audio driver for Windows 10 I found that HP has an updated driver for Windows 10 that I could download. After applying the new driver and a restart, I was able to open control panel...