Could you check your Boot folder in C: \ and see if it has a fonts folder. To see the folder you need to set the folder view options for seeing protected operating system files.
It seems the Windows Vista screen will come up if you are doing a repair type boot, or if the fonts folder is missing. There are probably others, but these are the only ones I know about.
With the link you gave, what exactly did you try and what were the results?
I think the bcdboot C:\Windows /s C: (assuming C: is you Win 7 install) is a good command for fixing several problems. It must be run from an elevated command prompt, if you have not tried it. This will replace your boot files, so if you have a dual boot situation there will be...