helpifIcan:
Seems that this issue has been around for a while, dating back at least to Windows XP and from a little research seems to be linked with Windows Updates coupled with perhaps an overzealous AntiVirus program (which one is unknown, at least I can't find any reference to it).
The fix as you seemed to have already discovered is either a system restore to a point in time prior to the problem having occurred or one of these two manual methods discussed Link Removed, which would seem to necessitate the use of a second computer and perhaps a flash drive since it would be difficult to navigate a computer who's system fonts had been converted to WebDings or WingDings or whatever those characters actually are.
Since this is the...