Microsoft’s ongoing free Windows 11 upgrade campaign represents one of the most significant transitions in the history of the Windows operating system, carrying profound implications for hundreds of millions of users worldwide. As April 2025 statistics reveal, momentum behind Windows 11 adoption is reaching new heights in certain markets, with a particularly strong showing in the United States where Windows 11 now outranks its predecessor, Windows 10. However, despite this progress, a considerable portion of the global Windows user base remains on Windows 10, and a critical technological and security crossroads lies ahead for millions.
Microsoft’s free Windows 11 upgrade initiative, active since the operating system’s launch in October 2021, is entering its final and arguably most critical phase. This urgency is driven by the ticking clock on Windows 10's official support, which is scheduled to end on October 14, 2025. Forbes and other reputable technology news sources highlight Microsoft’s escalating warnings about the dangers of running unsupported software. Once security updates cease, Windows 10 machines will become increasingly susceptible to cyberattacks, a risk underscored by the record number of patched vulnerabilities Microsoft addressed in the past year.
The company's messaging emphasizes that upgrading is not simply about accessing new features, but about shoring up defenses against a rapidly evolving threat landscape. Microsoft positions Windows 11 as a "huge security boost," citing architectural improvements, mandatory hardware requirements like TPM 2.0, and the adoption of passwordless security models as transformative advancements that address modern cyber risks.
Yet, at least 240 million users are projected to be left behind by this transition—not by choice, but by hardware incompatibility. These legacy devices lack required features such as TPM 2.0, a secure cryptoprocessor essential for hardware-based protections that Windows 11 mandates. As reported consistently by industry trackers and Microsoft's own documentation, TPM 2.0 is not a mere checkbox requirement; it enables Secure Boot, Windows Hello, BitLocker, and other foundational defenses that Microsoft deems crucial in today’s security environment.
Industry estimates, including those cited by Forbes, suggest at least 240 million PCs are effectively stranded. Some estimates reach even higher, considering the wide diversity and global distribution of non-compliant systems. For users facing this impasse, Microsoft is presenting several options: purchase a new, compliant PC; opt for an Extended Security Updates (ESU) program for around $30 per year (per device); or, for a subset of users, explore alternative secure computing options outside of the Windows ecosystem.
Verified information from Microsoft and third-party reviews indicates Copilot+ PCs are built on security-by-design principles: Secure Boot, built-in endpoint protection, Windows Hello, enhanced hypervisor-enforced code integrity, and the latest in passkey authentication. Microsoft’s signal is clear—while Windows 11 upgrades are encouraged for eligible devices, the optimum path for long-term security and innovation is investment in new hardware that meets or exceeds Copilot+ requirements.
According to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and various research analyses, unsupported Windows devices quickly become a "soft target" for ransomware campaigns, credential theft, botnets, and other malicious activity. Last year alone saw Microsoft patch hundreds of CVEs, several of which were actively exploited before fixes were available. An unsupported Windows 10 device would remain perpetually vulnerable, essentially becoming a danger not just to the user, but to any other networked systems it connects with.
Many cybersecurity experts strongly advise against the so-called “wing it” approach—continuing to use old systems after end-of-support. The risks extend beyond theft of personal information: home and business users alike may face financial losses, data destruction, and even legal non-compliance should they handle sensitive or regulated information on unsecured hardware.
However, the ESU program is a short-term bridge rather than a permanent fix. Costs can add up quickly for organizations with many devices. Moreover, ESU participation requires a valid Windows 10 license and registration via Microsoft’s administrative tools, adding a layer of logistical complexity.
Industry analysts note that while this paid support is welcomed by enterprises, it is unlikely to bridge the digital divide for individual home users or those in emerging markets for whom a $30 annual outlay per machine is significant. The ESU option buys time, but the underlying security and compatibility gap remains.
With support for passkeys now integrated into Windows 11 and Microsoft’s identity management infrastructure—including Microsoft Authenticator and supported browsers like Edge—users are encouraged to delete passwords from their accounts, as reported by Forbes and verified via Microsoft’s official communications. Industry feedback so far is largely positive: passkeys are less vulnerable to interception, phishing, and brute-force attacks, and their seamless integration with device biometrics further shrinks potential attack surfaces.
However, widespread adoption will take time, as not all third-party services and devices currently support passkey integration. Experts recommend users familiarize themselves with backup recovery methods and maintain secondary authentication channels to prevent accidental lockout.
Yet, for the majority of Windows users—especially businesses deeply dependent on specialized Windows software—the practical and economic argument for upgrading will become harder to ignore as October 2025 approaches. Microsoft’s dual-pronged approach—offering a clear migration path and reinforcing the dangers of ignoring end-of-life deadlines—reflects both the technical and strategic challenges at play.
Above all, heed Microsoft’s urgent warnings: running unsupported Windows 10 after October 2025 will expose users to cyber threats for which no patch will ever arrive. In parallel, the move to passkeys and Copilot+ hardware represents both the direction of Windows’ future and the shifting foundation of digital trust.
The coming months will test the resilience and adaptability of the Windows community—and the ability of Microsoft to guide its massive userbase safely through one of the most consequential security migrations in computing history. For now, vigilance, preparedness, and timely action remain the best defenses.
Source: Forbes Microsoft’s Free Upgrade Offer Hits New High—Check Your Windows PC Now
The Urgency Behind Microsoft's Upgrade Push
Microsoft’s free Windows 11 upgrade initiative, active since the operating system’s launch in October 2021, is entering its final and arguably most critical phase. This urgency is driven by the ticking clock on Windows 10's official support, which is scheduled to end on October 14, 2025. Forbes and other reputable technology news sources highlight Microsoft’s escalating warnings about the dangers of running unsupported software. Once security updates cease, Windows 10 machines will become increasingly susceptible to cyberattacks, a risk underscored by the record number of patched vulnerabilities Microsoft addressed in the past year.The company's messaging emphasizes that upgrading is not simply about accessing new features, but about shoring up defenses against a rapidly evolving threat landscape. Microsoft positions Windows 11 as a "huge security boost," citing architectural improvements, mandatory hardware requirements like TPM 2.0, and the adoption of passwordless security models as transformative advancements that address modern cyber risks.
Windows 11 Adoption: Breaking Down the Numbers
Statcounter’s April 2025 data offers a close-up of this pivotal moment: the gap between Windows 10 and Windows 11 global market share has narrowed to within 10%—a dramatic fall from a 40% gap just one year earlier. Windows 10 still retains the majority at 53% of users, but its lead is shrinking, and Windows 11 stands at 44%. Notably, in the United States, Windows 11 has already surpassed Windows 10 in active usage. These figures mark the highest level of Windows 11 usage since its launch, testifying to Microsoft’s relentless upgrade campaign.Yet, at least 240 million users are projected to be left behind by this transition—not by choice, but by hardware incompatibility. These legacy devices lack required features such as TPM 2.0, a secure cryptoprocessor essential for hardware-based protections that Windows 11 mandates. As reported consistently by industry trackers and Microsoft's own documentation, TPM 2.0 is not a mere checkbox requirement; it enables Secure Boot, Windows Hello, BitLocker, and other foundational defenses that Microsoft deems crucial in today’s security environment.
Why Can't Everyone Upgrade?
The crux of the issue lies in Windows 11’s minimum hardware standards. A significant percentage of PCs, particularly those manufactured before 2018, do not meet the specifications—most notably a compatible processor and the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0. According to official Microsoft documentation, these hardware requirements help prevent firmware attacks, ensure system integrity from boot up, and enable advanced identity protection. While these standards undeniably improve overall device security, they also create an upgrade barrier for older but otherwise functional hardware.Industry estimates, including those cited by Forbes, suggest at least 240 million PCs are effectively stranded. Some estimates reach even higher, considering the wide diversity and global distribution of non-compliant systems. For users facing this impasse, Microsoft is presenting several options: purchase a new, compliant PC; opt for an Extended Security Updates (ESU) program for around $30 per year (per device); or, for a subset of users, explore alternative secure computing options outside of the Windows ecosystem.
The Rise of Copilot+ PCs and New Security Models
A prominent feature of Microsoft’s future vision is the Copilot+ PC. These next-generation machines, equipped with neural processing units (NPUs) and tightly integrated with Microsoft’s AI assistant Copilot, are being heavily promoted as the reference standard for Windows security and productivity. Among the Copilot+ exclusives is Recall, a novel tool described as a “staccato screenshotting machine” designed to help users trace previous activity and interactions across their PC.Verified information from Microsoft and third-party reviews indicates Copilot+ PCs are built on security-by-design principles: Secure Boot, built-in endpoint protection, Windows Hello, enhanced hypervisor-enforced code integrity, and the latest in passkey authentication. Microsoft’s signal is clear—while Windows 11 upgrades are encouraged for eligible devices, the optimum path for long-term security and innovation is investment in new hardware that meets or exceeds Copilot+ requirements.
Security Risks of Not Upgrading
Running a device after its operating system’s end of life presents meaningfully increased security hazards. No more monthly security patches means zero-day vulnerabilities—once discovered—become permanent backdoors. The volume of Windows-specific malware remains high, and unsupported systems are frequently targeted within days of public disclosure of critical flaws.According to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and various research analyses, unsupported Windows devices quickly become a "soft target" for ransomware campaigns, credential theft, botnets, and other malicious activity. Last year alone saw Microsoft patch hundreds of CVEs, several of which were actively exploited before fixes were available. An unsupported Windows 10 device would remain perpetually vulnerable, essentially becoming a danger not just to the user, but to any other networked systems it connects with.
Many cybersecurity experts strongly advise against the so-called “wing it” approach—continuing to use old systems after end-of-support. The risks extend beyond theft of personal information: home and business users alike may face financial losses, data destruction, and even legal non-compliance should they handle sensitive or regulated information on unsecured hardware.
Microsoft’s Extended Security Updates—A $30 Lifeline, with Caveats
For those unable or unwilling to upgrade their hardware immediately, Microsoft has announced its Extended Security Updates program for Windows 10. For a fee of approximately $30 per device per year, users can continue to receive critical security updates—but not feature enhancements—through October 2028. This program, similar to the one offered for Windows 7, provides a vital buffer, especially for businesses with legacy apps or expensive hardware.However, the ESU program is a short-term bridge rather than a permanent fix. Costs can add up quickly for organizations with many devices. Moreover, ESU participation requires a valid Windows 10 license and registration via Microsoft’s administrative tools, adding a layer of logistical complexity.
Industry analysts note that while this paid support is welcomed by enterprises, it is unlikely to bridge the digital divide for individual home users or those in emerging markets for whom a $30 annual outlay per machine is significant. The ESU option buys time, but the underlying security and compatibility gap remains.
Passwordless Future: An Under-Reported Revolution
Another headline development—one that may have broader and longer-lasting security benefits than even the operating system upgrade—is Microsoft’s push to eliminate traditional passwords in favor of passkeys. Passkeys, which use cryptographically backed credentials instead of memorized secrets, are now the default for new Microsoft accounts. This move mirrors similar trends at Apple and Google, and reflects a broader industry consensus that passwords are a prime vector for phishing and data breach.With support for passkeys now integrated into Windows 11 and Microsoft’s identity management infrastructure—including Microsoft Authenticator and supported browsers like Edge—users are encouraged to delete passwords from their accounts, as reported by Forbes and verified via Microsoft’s official communications. Industry feedback so far is largely positive: passkeys are less vulnerable to interception, phishing, and brute-force attacks, and their seamless integration with device biometrics further shrinks potential attack surfaces.
However, widespread adoption will take time, as not all third-party services and devices currently support passkey integration. Experts recommend users familiarize themselves with backup recovery methods and maintain secondary authentication channels to prevent accidental lockout.
Alternatives and the Road Ahead
For the large population of users unable or unwilling to move to Windows 11 or purchase new hardware, what are the options? Some may explore alternative operating systems such as Linux distributions, which offer extended support for older hardware and robust security profiles. For lightweight devices, ChromeOS Flex might be a solution, particularly for users with basic browsing and productivity needs.Yet, for the majority of Windows users—especially businesses deeply dependent on specialized Windows software—the practical and economic argument for upgrading will become harder to ignore as October 2025 approaches. Microsoft’s dual-pronged approach—offering a clear migration path and reinforcing the dangers of ignoring end-of-life deadlines—reflects both the technical and strategic challenges at play.
Critical Analysis: Strengths, Limitations, and Risks
Notable Strengths
- Security by Design: Windows 11’s insistence on new hardware standards is a double-edged sword, but its benefits in preventing modern exploit techniques are widely recognized by industry experts and government security agencies alike.
- Clear Communication: Microsoft has ramped up public education campaigns and provided reasonably generous upgrade periods. The $30 ESU bridge is consistent with prior transitions and acknowledges the reality of deployment cycles.
- Passwordless Initiative: Transitioning to passkeys promises to deliver measurable improvements in user security, theft prevention, and operational convenience.
Potential Risks
- Digital Divide: Approximately 240 million—or more—users are currently on a path to obsolescence. While some may upgrade, many are likely to “wing it,” exposing themselves and others to elevated risk. The price and complexity of ESU may be a roadblock for the most vulnerable users.
- Hardware Waste: The push to retire millions of otherwise functional devices raises concerns about electronic waste and environmental impact. Industry watchdogs urge Microsoft and partners to invest in recycling programs and promote hardware re-use where feasible.
- Feature Segmentation: Some of Windows 11’s most advertised features, notably Copilot and Recall, are restricted to specific premium hardware—prompting criticism about fragmenting the user experience and blurring the lines between software and hardware innovation.
The Bottom Line for Windows Users
Readers running Windows 10 should immediately check upgrade eligibility through Microsoft’s official PC Health Check tool or Settings app. If the device is compatible, upgrading to Windows 11 is not only free but increasingly essential for staying secure. For those with incompatible hardware, now is the time to weigh the cost of ESU against new hardware, or consider alternative platforms.Above all, heed Microsoft’s urgent warnings: running unsupported Windows 10 after October 2025 will expose users to cyber threats for which no patch will ever arrive. In parallel, the move to passkeys and Copilot+ hardware represents both the direction of Windows’ future and the shifting foundation of digital trust.
The coming months will test the resilience and adaptability of the Windows community—and the ability of Microsoft to guide its massive userbase safely through one of the most consequential security migrations in computing history. For now, vigilance, preparedness, and timely action remain the best defenses.
Source: Forbes Microsoft’s Free Upgrade Offer Hits New High—Check Your Windows PC Now
