Installing Ubuntu after Windows can cause certain problems, depending on how you installed it. Normally it just overwrites the MBR and puts a Linux boot (Grub) in it place. The way to get rid of that is to use the bootsect.exe /nt60 command. You will need to boot to the Install DVD and use the Command Option. The suggestion by Adamsappleone suggests repairing Grub then using it to fix the Windows partition. Hopefully that will help, but I have no experince with it.
Bootsect Command-Line Options
If you do the Repair your Computer options from the install DVD, even if it does not show the Windows OS, try it anyway. Many times it will pop up a screen that just says fix it before you even get to the options. Let that proceed, then go back and run Startup Repair, probably 3 or 4 times. If you overwrote your Windows 7 install, of course it will not help.
If all else fails, you may need to use Diskpart, from the Install DVD command prompt, to clean the drive and start over.
Edit: If you are running Ubuntu now, you might use GParted to show a picture of the drive partitions and then take a picture and attach. if you use the Ubuntu capture utility, change the name to something simple or Windows will not be able to use it.
An option for this is to download and burn Partition Wizard, the home bootable version, and take a picture of that. Cameras also work well for this purpose.
Sorry I am a little slow on picking up the RAID question. Since the Array is set up during the boot, you may need to add drivers for Windows to see it. You should be able to get those from the Manufacturer, or a drivers disk that came with your computer. Put them on a flash drive, maybe use the drivers CD to load them when asked.
It is just hard to say if the RAID is involved, since I don't have that much experience with it.
The drivers may be at the link. This is a GT683-DXR since I cannot find the model you listed. Check to make sure they are the correct ones. Should be the Intel Rapid Storage, and when you download those, you may have to open them to get the RAID drivers. If you unzip it, it might be a utility to make a cd, or at least it appears to be. You might not be able to see those drivers because it appears the default OS on the download page is Windows 8, and it doesn't have many drivers, so you need to make sure it says Windows 7.
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But your partition display looks a little different than I am used to. I have not seen a Bios backup partiton before, but you seem to have one. Using Diskpart will wipe the drive and remove those partitions, If you are not sure if you need the data in the partitions, do not use diskpart.
Try to get the RAID drivers, maybe it will help. I have to load USB 3.0 drivers for my external drive when I restore an image....
I found this, maybe it will help.
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