Ok thank you guys, I might be closer to the solution.
I succeeded in installing all updates.
Anyway, win8 keeps not activating. So, I found on the internet that there is a command "slmgr" which deals with win activation. I tried "slmgr /rearm" which should try to reactivate win, but it says: Error: 80070422. I found out that this error is linked to Software Protection Service which may not be running. So, I executed C:\Windows\system32\sppsvc.exe to reenable it, and it says: "sppsvc: bad image. guard64.dll is either not designed to run on windows or it contains an error. [...] Error status 0xc0000428".
So I guess that's it. This dll is most likely damaged, and it should deal with the activation problem.
New updates: I found out that...