Open device manager
Expand Network Adapters
Select then right click the problem adapter and choose uninstall, if prompted choose to remove the associated drivers.
Reboot the computer and let the found new hardware wizard install the wireless adapter again, if prompted for the location of drivers point it to the one you just downloaded from Intel.
Can you use a browser to open your router's web interface http://192.168.1.1
If not you may want to try
1: shutting down everything and resetting your entire network. All computers, your ISP's device, and reset the router to factory defaults (usually a pin hole on the back or bottom) Make sure you device is trusted and not firewalled at the router.
2: Make sure the native Windows 8 Firewall is not blocking either port 80 or http protocol
3. Attempt to run you router without encryption briefly to test and see if that results in any different results. Then turn security back on. And experiment with WEP, WPA, WPA2, (AES vs. TKIP), etc.,
4. Consider removing Eset again maybe even follow up with the vendor specific proprietary removal tool just to be sure that all remnants are gone How do I manually uninstall my Windows ESET security product? - ESET Knowledgebase
5. Make sure there are no other 3rd part firewall products or security suites in play.
6. If you have experimented with any third party software like Connectify or even the Native Microsoft Hosted Network setup (turns you wireless adapter into a hotspot) please remove it.
You said earlier that you can ping other hosts including websites. Can you ping by name or only by IP address
Close all browser. Open control panel, change view by: (upper right corner) to small icons. Open Internet options, select the Connections tab, Click the LAN settings button, uncheck all check boxes, OK your way back out of there and open IE and see if that makes a difference# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost
Check here
C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts
See if you have any entries in the hosts files that may be creating a local host loop an unaltered typical host file will look something like this
Close all browser. Open control panel, change view by: (upper right corner) to small icons. Open Internet options, select the Connections tab, Click the LAN settings button, uncheck all check boxes, OK your way back out of there and open IE and see if that makes a difference